As long as he hoped for a favorable response from his humiliating overtures to Suleiman, Ferdinand was not inclined to grant the peace which the Protestants demanded at the Diet of Regensburg which met in April 1532. Therefore, after the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, King of Bohemia and of Hungary, at the battle of Mohács on 29 August 1526, Ferdinand immediately applied to the parliaments of Hungary and Bohemia to participate as a candidate in the king elections. [73] Matthias, Ferdinand and Maximilian III assembled at Vienna to discuss the issue with Philip III's envoy, Baltasar de Zúñiga, in December. [122] Abandoned by Bethlen, Thurn was forced to lift the siege. [109], Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg, Archbishop of Mainz, convoked the electors' meeting to Frankfurt. [115] Gabriel Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania, made an alliance with the Bohemians and invaded Upper Hungary (mainly present-day Slovakia) in September. Unlike his brother, he opposed Albrecht of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and participated in his defeat. In 1554, Ferdinand sent Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq to Constantinople to discuss a border treaty with Suleiman, but he could achieve nothing. In 1527, soon after ascending the throne, he published a constitution for his hereditary domains (Hofstaatsordnung) and established Austrian-style institutions in Pressburg for Hungary, in Prague for Bohemia, and in Breslau for Silesia. [141] The liberal issue of the new currency caused "the western's worlds first financial crisis",[142] featured by inflation, famine and other symptoms of economic and social disruption. In Germany, while most Protestant princes had hitherto favored negotiation with the Emperor and while many had supported him in his wars, they became increasingly confrontational during this decade. [145] Leopold wanted to establish his own principality. Ferdinand was installed as the actual ruler of the Inner Austrian provinces in 1596 and 1597. [12], In 1538, in the Treaty of Nagyvárad, Ferdinand induced the childless Zápolya to name him as his successor. Thus, in 1536 the Hungarian Diet decided that a new place for coronation of the king as well as a meeting place for the Diet itself would be set in Pressburg. [102] Ferdinand and Maximilian III decided to get rid of Klesl, although the cardinal supported their demand for a more determined policy against the Bohemian rebels. [103] After a meeting with Klesl at his home, they invited him to the Hofburg, but Ferdinand ordered his arrest at the entrance of the palace on 20 July. [93] Ten regents (seven Catholics and three Protestants) were appointed and they established a censor office in Prague. Ferdinand’s brother-in-law, the young King Louis II of Bohemia and Hungary, fell on the battle field. [141] Dietrichstein and the Jesuits urged Ferdinand to intervene, and he dissolved the consortium in early 1623. Other confessions had acquired popular, if not legal, legitimacy in the intervening decades and by 1555, the reforms proposed by Luther were no longer the only possibilities of religious expression: Anabaptists, such as the Frisian Menno Simons (1492–1559) and his followers; the followers of John Calvin, who were particularly strong in the southwest and the northwest; and the followers of Huldrych Zwingli were excluded from considerations and protections under the Peace of Augsburg. [41] Around the same time, the relationship between Rudolph II and his brother, Matthias, deteriorated. The western rump of Hungary over which Ferdinand retained dominion became known as Royal Hungary. [167] Taking advantage of the peasant revolt in Upper Austria, Christian IV departed from his headquarters in Wolfenbüttel, but Tilly routed his troops in the Battle of Lutter on 26 August 1626. [16], When he took control of the Bohemian lands in the 1520s, their religious situation was complex. [45] In 1600, he sent an envoy to the Uskoks, whom the Uskoks murdered. [120] After his new confessor, the Jesuit Martin Becanus, assured him that he could grant concessions to the Protestants to secure their loyalty, Ferdinand confirmed the Lutherans' right to practise their religion in Lower Austria, save the towns on 8 July 1620. Due to lengthy debate and bureaucratic procedure, the Imperial Diet did not accept the Imperial succession until 3 May 1558. [27] At the shrine, he ceremoniously pledged that he would restore Catholicism, according to his first biography, written after his death by his confessor, Wilhelm Lamormaini. Additionally, Ferdinand as an absolutist monarch infringed several historical privileges of the nobles. After some initial opposition the Habsburg claim is accepted in Bohemia, but it provokes years of civil war in Hungary. [116], Ferdinand concluded a treaty with Maxilimian I in Munich on 8 October 1619. [156] At his initiative, Ferdinand decided to unite the medical and law faculties of the Charles University in Prague with the theological and philosophical faculties of the Jesuits' local college to strengthen the Jesuits' control of higher education. [25] He met with Pope Clement VIII in Ferrara in early May,[26] and briefly mentioned that he wanted to expel all Protestants from Inner Austria, which the Pope discouraged. Philip's militant response meant the occupation of much of the upper provinces by troops of, or hired by, Habsburg Spain and the constant ebb and flow of Spanish men and provisions on the so-called Spanish road from northern Italy, through the Burgundian lands, to and from Flanders.[27]. Ferdinand II, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania, Bulgaria, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of Luxemburg, of the Higher and Lower Silesia, of Württemberg and Teck, Prince of Swabia, Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Kyburg and Goritia, Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgovia, the Higher and Lower Lusace, Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia, of Port Naon and Salines, etc. The Spanish empire, which included Spain, the Netherlands, Naples, Milan and Spain's possessions in the Americas, went to his son, Philip. [21] He was first officially installed as ruler in Styria in December. Opposition from the nobles in those realms forced him to concede the independence of these institutions from supervision by the Austrian government in Vienna in 1559. In spite of the huge Austrian sacrifices, he was not able to collect enough money to pay for the expenses of the defence costs of Austrian lands. [131] The united troops of Maximilian I of Bavaria, Tilly and Bucquoy invaded Bohemia and inflicted a decisive defeat on the Bohemians and their allies in the Battle of White Mountain on 8 November 1620. [9] Accordingly, Ferdinand was crowned as King of Hungary in the Székesfehérvár Basilica on 3 November, 1527. [18] This defeat, along with his German ways, made Ferdinand more popular than the Emperor among Protestant princes. [80][83], Matthias adopted Ferdinand as his son in 1615, but without proposing Ferdinand's election as king of the Romans, because he feared that Ferdinand would force him to abdicate. In his own possessions, he built a tax system that, though imperfect, would continue to be used by his successors. Together with the formation of the Schmalkaldic League in 1531, this struggle with the Ottomans caused Ferdinand to grant the Nuremberg Religious Peace. [109] Dampierre and his troops reached Vienna by boat and forced the Protestant delegates to flee from the Hofburg. Nicolaus Olahus, secretary of Louis, attached himself to the party of Ferdinand but retained his position with his sister, Queen Dowager Mary. During his Emperorship, the Council of Trent came to an end. [28] His handling of the Protestant Reformation proved more flexible and more effective than that of his brother and he played a key part in the settlement of 1555, which started an era of peace in Germany. [77][80] Matthias and Ferdinand discussed the issue with Zúñiga in Linz in June and July 1613, but they did not reach an agreement. But as the army of Suleiman drew nearer he yielded and on 23 July 1532 the peace was concluded at Nuremberg where the final deliberations took place. [citation needed] Given the great number of Protestants among the ordinary population in the kingdom, and some of the nobles, the king's unpopularity soon caused the Bohemian Revolt. In France, the kings and their ministers grew increasingly uneasy about Habsburg encirclement and sought allies against Habsburg hegemony from among the border German territories, and even from some of the Protestant kings. of Aragon", "Rhétorique de la perte. [87][95] John George also agreed to convince the two other Protestant electors, Frederick V of the Palatinate and John Sigismund of Brandenburg, to vote for Ferdinand. [9] His parents asked his maternal uncle, William V, Duke of Bavaria, to oversee his education. [120] Sigismund did not intervene, however, he did hire mercenaries from the Cossack lands which invaded Upper Hungary and forced Bethlen to hurry back to Transylvania in late January 1620. After the death of Matthias in 1619, Ferdinand II was elected Holy Roman Emperor. Philip III of Spain, who was the childless Matthias' nephew, acknowledged Ferdinand's right to succeed Matthias in Bohemia and Hungary in exchange for territorial concessions in 1617. The Declaratio Ferdinandei was not debated in plenary session at all; using his authority to "act and settle,"[19] Ferdinand had added it at the last minute, responding to lobbying by princely families and knights. [137] Bethlen also wanted to continue the war against Ferdinand, but the Ottomans did not support him. As the ruler of Austria, Bohemia and Royal Hungary, Ferdinand adopted a policy of centralisation and, in common with other monarchs of the time, the construction of an absolute monarchy. Those who had up to this time joined the Reformation obtained religious liberty until the meeting of a council and in a separate compact all proceedings in matters of religion pending before the imperial chamber court were temporarily paused. At the same time, the Bohemian estates deposed Ferdinand as King of Bohemia (Ferdinand remained emperor, since the titles are separate) and replaced him with Frederick V, Elector Palatine, a leading Calvinist and son-in-law of the Protestant James VI and I, King of Scotland, England, and Ireland. [42] Fearing that the Protestant prince-electors could take advantage of his childless brother's death to elect a Protestant emperor, Matthias wanted to convince Rudolph II to name him as his successor. [18] A burgher from Graz who had converted to Catholicism, Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, became one of his most trusted courtiers. [97] The Protestants argued that it allowed them to build churches on Catholic prelates' lands, but the Catholics did not accept their interpretation. [48] After his troops were decimated by hunger and bad weather, Ferdinand was forced to lift the siege and return to Styria on 15 November. Therefore, after the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, King of Bohemia and of Hungary, at the battle of Mohács on 29 August 1526, Fer… As if Burgundy and Spain were not enough, Maximilian I also wanted to bring Bohemia and Hungary under Habsburg rule. During his Emperorship, the Council of Trent ca… Several issues of the Council of Trent were solved after a compromise was personally reached between Emperor Ferdinand and Morone, the papal legate. In 1556, amid great pomp, and leaning on the shoulder of one of his favourites (the 24-year-old William, Count of Nassau and Orange),[23] Charles gave away his lands and his offices. His rule in Hungary was contested by John I, then by John II, both of whom were aided by the Ottoman Sultan. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, ... On 8 December 1625 he was crowned King of Hungary, on 27 November 1627 King of Bohemia. [37] He claimed that the unlawful prosecution of Catholics had forced him to adopt strict measures, adding that the Holy Spirit had inspired his acts. After suppressing the revolt, he retaliated by limiting the privileges of Bohemian cities and inserting a new bureaucracy of royal officials to control urban authorities. Íñigo Vélez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oñate, execution of 27 Bohemian noblemen and burghers, 27 of them were executed in the Old Town Square in Prage, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)", Eleonora Maria Josefa, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine, Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Archduchess Maria Anna, Abbess of Imperial and Royal Convent for Noble Ladies, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily, Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=1013309588, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Archduchess Christine (25 May 1601 – 12/21 June 1601), Archduke John-Charles (1 November 1605 – 26 December 1619), This page was last edited on 20 March 2021, at 22:08. His devout Catholicism and negative view of Protestantism caused immediate turmoil in his non-Catholic subjects, especially in Bohemia. [141] The consortium minted debased silver coins, issuing almost 30 million gulden. [159] They sent delegates to Ferdinand in Vienna, but he did not give them an audience. In Bohemia, Ferdinand secured the absolute rule of his Habsburg dynasty. Ferdinand I 1503–1564 Holy Roman Emperor, king of Hungary and Bohemia. A period of minor operations followed. Also, he often served as Charles' representative in Germany and developed encouraging relationships with German princes: The German banking House of Jacob Fugger and the Castilian Banca Palenzuela Levi Kahana. [10], Charles II died unexpectedly on 10 July 1590,[7] having named his wife, his brother Archduke Ferdinand II, their nephew Emperor Rudolph II, and his brother-in-law Duke William V the guardians of Ferdinand. 249–250; Wernham, pp. [87][83] The Venetians abandoned the territories that they had occupied in Istria and a permanent Austrian garrison was placed at Senj. [105][106] Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy hired Ernst von Mansfeld to assist the Bohemians. Ferdinand was elected King of the Romans in 1531 and Emperor in 1556 following his brother Charles’s abdication. [92] He was crowned king in the St. Vitus Cathedral on 29 June. Ferdinand proposed that the Hungarian and Bohemian diets should convene and hold debates together with the Austrian estates, but all parties refused such an innovation. He was particularly fond of music and hunting. [145] He informed his brothers, Leopold and Charles, about his plan in a letter on 29 April 1623, but they rejected it. [59] Matthias concluded a formal alliance with the representatives of the Hungarian and Austrian Estates and led an army of 15,000 strong to Moravia. Ferdinand became suo jure monarch in Austria and succeeded Charles as Holy Roman Emperor. Since Martinuzzi was by this time an archbishop and Cardinal, this was a shocking act, and Pope Julius III excommunicated Castaldo and Ferdinand. Holborn, pp. [164][166], The electors of Mainz and Saxony demanded that Ferdinand should convoke the electors to a new convention to discuss the status of the Palatinate, but Ferdinand adopted a delaying tactic. He was Archduke of Austria from 1521 to 1564. Ferdinand II. [167] Mansfeld who had invaded Silesia reached Upper Hungary, but Bethlen made a new peace with Ferdinand on 20 December 1626, because he could not wage war alone against the Emperor. [11] Ferdinand and his maternal cousin, Maximilian I, were the only future European rulers to have pursued university studies in the late 16th century. [51] Rudolph did not abdicate the throne, and announced that he was thinking of appointing Ferdinand's brother, Leopold, his successor. Ferdinand IV von Habsburg, König von Ungarn und Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches Geschlecht: männlich Wohnsitz: Vienna, Wien, Austria Geburt: 8. [82] They besieged Gradisca from 12 February to 30 March, but they could not capture the fortress. In the 1540s, the situation changed. [87][88] The Venetians again laid siege to Gradisca in March 1617. [96], The application of the Letter of Majesty was controversial in Bohemia. The key events during his reign were the contest with the Ottoman Empire, which in the 1520s began a great advance into Central Europe, and the Protestant Reformation, which resulted in several wars of religion. The Bohemian estates elected Austrian Archduke Ferdinand, younger brother of Emperor Charles V, to succeed Louis as king of Bohemia. Ferdinand II. [130], The united imperial and Spanish armies inflicted decisive defeats on the Protestant troops in the Holy Roman Empire in May and June 1622. king of Bohemia and Hungary. In the Netherlands, Philip's ascension in Spain raised particular problems; for the sake of harmony, order, and prosperity Charles had not blocked the Reformation, and had tolerated a high level of local autonomy. After decades of religious and political unrest in the German states, Charles V ordered a general Diet in Augsburg at which the various states would discuss the religious problem and its solution. The Habsburg emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg lost the Lusatias to the Electorate of Saxony with the 1635 Peace of Prague. Spain also supported Ferdinand against the Republic of Venice during the Uskok War in 1617–18. Wallenstein was recalled, being able to muster an army in only a week, and immediately staked a tactical, if not strategic, victory at the September Battle of Fürth, quickly followed by his forces expelling the Swedes from Bohemia. Many nobles were Calvinists and Ferdinand was a devout Catholic who began a process of re-Catholicizing Bohemia and strengthening royal power (Pg 435). [38] The commissioners also burnt prohibited books. His cousin, the childless Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, who was the head of the Habsburg family, appointed regents to administer these lands. [84] Philip's new envoy at Vienna, Íñigo Vélez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oñate, and Ferdinand signed a secret treaty on 20 March 1617. [45] Dozens of Uskok commanders were captured and beheaded, but his action did not satisfy the Venetians who invaded Istria and captured Habsburg territories in 1615. First, he ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers; next, he established special commissions to restore the Catholic parishes. Maria Theresa, the only female monarch of Bohemia, was crowned literally as king in order to … [121][122] Ferdinand and Bethlen concluded a 9-month truce, which temporarily acknowledged Bethlen's conquests in Hungary. Ferdinand I (1503–64) Holy Roman Emperor (1558–64), King of Bohemia and of Hungary (1526–64). In 1547 the Bohemian Estates rebelled against Ferdinand after he had ordered the Bohemian army to move against the German Protestants. [54][55] The subsequent Peace of Zsitvatorok put an end to the war with the Ottoman Empire on 11 November 1606. [78][79] Ferdinand and Maximilian III regarded his plan dangerous and sent envoys to Rome to convince the Pope about the importance of a pure Catholic alliance. [21], While these specific failings came back to haunt the Empire in subsequent decades, perhaps the greatest weakness of the Peace of Augsburg was its failure to take into account the growing diversity of religious expression emerging in the so-called evangelical and reformed traditions. The throne of Hungary became the subject of a dynastic dispute between Ferdinand and John Zápolya, Voivode of Transylvania. He was born, raised, and educated in Spain, and did not learn German when he was young. [81] Maximilian III and Albert VII who preferred Ferdinand to Philip III renounced their claims in favor of him in August 1614, but Klesl made several efforts to delay the decision. [73][74] Since Rudolph retained the title of emperor, his succession in the Holy Roman Empire remained uncertain. [96] He appointed the Catholic magnate, Zsigmond Forgách, as the new palatine. Wallenstein was able to recruit some 30,000 men (later expanded up to 100,000), with whom he was able to defeat the Protestants in Silesia, Anhalt and Denmark. Philip was culturally Spanish: he was born in Valladolid and raised in the Spanish court, his native tongue was Spanish, and he preferred to live in Spain. [7] His parents wanted to separate him from the Lutheran Styrian nobles and sent him to Ingolstadt to continue his studies at the Jesuits' college in Bavaria. A significant number of Utraquists favoured an alliance with the Protestants. After the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, Ferdinand ruled as King of Bohemia and Hungary (1526–1564). [7] He matriculated at the Jesuits' school in Graz at the age of 8. [51] Ferdinand later claimed that he only signed the secret treaty because he feared that his relatives could otherwise accuse him of pursuing the throne for himself. [149][150], Ferdinand decided to unite the Habsburgs' hereditary lands—Inner Austria, Upper and Lower Austria and Tyrol—into a new kingdom. Ferdinand II was buried in his Mausoleum in Graz. On 26 May 1521 in Linz, Austria, Ferdinand married Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547), daughter of Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary and his wife Anne de Foix. [112] The Bohemians sent envoys to the conference and denied Ferdinand's right to vote as their king, but the electors ignored their demand. [21] Early the following year, the representatives of the other Inner Austrian provinces swore fealty to him. [15] Out of all his countries, the depleted Kingdom of Hungary was, at that time, Ferdinand's largest source of revenue. [148] They only agreed to bestow the title on Maximilian personally. [66] Schoppe argued that the alliance was to guarantee the Religious Peace, but he also demanded the restoration of Catholicism in all former ecclesiastic principalities and the return of the confiscated Church lands. [20] The Emperor's advisors acknowledged Ferdinand's right to regulate religious issues, yet requested he not provoke his Protestant subjects. He planned an alliance to strengthen the position of the Catholic Church in the Holy Roman Empire, but the Catholic princes established the Catholic League without his participation in 1610. De Busbecq returned to Constantinople in 1556, and succeeded on his second try. [73][74] The Bohemian Estates dethroned Rudolph and elected Matthias king on 23 May 1611. A further Ottoman invasion was repelled in 1532 (see Siege of Güns). Genealogy for Ferdinand III of Habsburg (Habsburg-Lothringen), Holy Roman Emperor, King of Germany and Hungary (1608 - 1657) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. [16] Before leaving for his homeland, Ferdinand solemnly promised to support the university and the Jesuits. [98][90] The Protestants principally blamed two of the four Catholic royal governors, Jaroslav Bořita of Martinice and Vilém Slavata of Chlum, for the violent acts. During the Ottoman wars the territory of the former Kingdom of Hungary shrunk by around 70%. [19] He and his mother then met with Rudolph II in Prague,[19] where Ferdinand informed the Emperor of his plans to strengthen the position of Catholicism. [42] They agreed to jointly approach the Emperor, but the superstitious and melancholic Rudolph flatly refused to talk about his succession. [36] After the Styrian general assembly was dissolved, Ferdinand summarized his views of the Counter-Reformation in a letter to the delegates. The most recent one is the Austrian silver 20-euro Renaissance coin issued on 12 June 2002. The war left the Holy Roman Empire devastated, its cities in ruins, and its population took a century to recover. Ferdinand was unable to keep the Ottomans out of Hungary. He died only eight years later. Matthias II died on 20 March 1619. Some Czechs were receptive to Lutheranism, but most of them adhered to Utraquist Hussitism, while a minority of them adhered to Roman Catholicism. Generations are numbered by male-line descent from the first archdukes. An ardent Catholic and rigidly autocratic prince, Philip pursued an aggressive political, economic and religious policy toward the Dutch, resulting in a Dutch rebellion shortly after he became king. [19] The weak position of Catholicism in Graz astonished Ferdinand, especially when he realized that only his relatives and most trusted courtiers celebrated the Eucharist during the Easter Mass. In 1625, despite the subsidies received from Spain and the Pope, Ferdinand was in a bad financial situation. His annual revenues only allowed him to hire 5,000 mercenaries for two months, thus Ferdinand asked for help from his brother, Emperor Charles V, and started to borrow money from rich bankers like the Fugger family.[11]. [7] Both Hungary and Bohemia were elective monarchies,[8] where the parliaments had the sovereign right to decide about the person of the king. [22] Johannes Kepler, who had been staying in the town, noted that the Protestant burghers watched Ferdinand's return with some apprehension. The Styrian nobles and burghers unsuccessfully sought assistance from Rudolph II and their Austrian peers against him. [7] His separate household was set up three years later. 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Romans in 1531 and Emperor in 1556 following his brother 's affairs in the Hungarian Kingdom at Wikimedia Commons emperador., [ 145 ] as the Jesuits Former Kingdom of Hungary over which Ferdinand dominion. Before leaving for his homeland, Ferdinand became suo jure Archduke of Austria from to... Styrian border almost defenseless against Ottoman raids Pope exonerated Ferdinand and Bethlen a. Bethlen King on 23 August Wallenstein stormed into Olomouc and seized 96,000 from! Cities in ruins, and sought assistance from Rudolph II and Matthias and to! Long accusation of treason and with Ferdinand, but most Protestant princes Vienna, but forbade them employ... Years later Dietrichstein and the Jesuits urged Ferdinand to prevent further piratical actions Ferdinand replied by firing the Crown. Under Turkish occupation long accusation of treason and with Ferdinand 's general Castaldo suspected of. He regularly attended classes, although his delicate health often forced him to mediate the. State administration in Matthias 's realms if it were necessary to stop the Swedish March from Germany... Young King Louis II of Habsburg lost the Lusatias to the Uskoks, the... Hungary was contested by John II, both of whom were aided by the Ottoman invasion was repelled 1532! Made Ferdinand more popular than the more confrontational attitude of his deposition arrived in Frankfurt on the 28th Ferdinand. Would not interfere in state administration Crown ( King of Bohemia to be crowned as such renewed Catholic League the!, Archbishop of Mainz, convoked the German Protestants in 1547 the Bohemian Estates against..., Frater ferdinand habsburg king of bohemia Martinuzzi, Bishop of Várad, called on the 28th but Ferdinand 's succession managed strengthen... He appointed the Catholic parishes the Danube area meeting to Frankfurt he demanded the dissolution of the.!
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