The First Part of the True and Honorable Historie of the Life of Sir John Oldcastle Michael Drayton, Richard Hathwaye, Anthony Munday and Robert Wilson Act I. The 1619 quarto of Sir John Oldcastle Part 1 is the first to attribute the play to Shakespeare, some three years after his death. The name change and the Epilogue disclaimer were required, it is generally thought, because of political pressure: the historical Oldcastle was not only a Protestant martyr, but a nobleman with powerful living descendants in Elizabethan England. Share. Many people will know of Sir John from the works of Shakespeare, who based Sir John Falstaff in King Henry IV upon him. John Oldcastle, MP: Birthdate: circa 1310: Birthplace: Almeley,Weobley,Herefordshire,England: Death: circa 1377 (58-75) England (United Kingdom) Immediate Family: Son of Peter Oldcastle and Isabel Oldcastle Husband of Isabel Oldcastle Father of Richard Oldcastle and Thomas Oldcastle, MP. Oldcastle was also a minor character in the early Elizabethan history play the Famous Victories of Henry V (c. Oldcastle is presumed to be the model for Shakespeare's Falstaff. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). ..... Click the link for more information.. He married Maud Holand about 1341, in England, United Kingdom. 1586? By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Shakespeare kept the name Oldcastle for the first version of his play but later changed it to Falstaff. The son of Sir Richard Oldcastle, he fought for England in the Scottish campaign of 1400 and during the Welsh wars gained the friendship of King Henry IV’s son Henry, prince of Wales. [4], Sir John Oldcastle treats its subject matter in ways acceptable to the values and biases of its audience, and the interests of Elizabethan officialdom (inevitably; if it did anything else it would never have escaped censorship). His amicable relationship with the prince of Wales, now Henry V, earned him special consideration, but he failed to honour the king’s appeals to submit and was brought to trial the same year. Our History Named after The Sir John Oldcastle Tavern, which stood in the former grounds of Sir John’s nearby mansion, this was already long established by 1680. In III,ii,25–26 of the same play, Falstaff is said to have been a "page to Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk"—which was true of the historical Oldcastle. Publication date 1911 Topics Oldcastle, John, styled Lord Cobham, (Sir) d. 1417 Publisher [Amersham, Eng.] Sir John Oldcastle book. Fastolf, however, died without descendants, making him safe for a playwright's use. In Henry IV, Part 1, I,ii,42, Prince Hal calls Falstaff "my old lad of the castle". In 1601 a narrative poem, The Mirror of Martyrs, by one John Weever, was published; it praises Oldcastle as a "valiant captain and most godly martyr." 4.0 172 reviews #193 … Eventually, he was captured and executed in London. →, , is in all Kent. Finally, there is the blatant disclaimer at the close of Henry IV, Part 2 that disassociates the two figures: "for Oldcastle died [a] martyr, and this is not the man" (Epilogue, 29–32). Corrections? 4 God blesse him, there be but few such. The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth containing his Death: and the Coronation of King Henry the Fift, Thomas of Woodstock/Richard the Second, Part One, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir_John_Oldcastle&oldid=977800462, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from June 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 September 2020, at 02:09. Oldcastle again escaped, evading capture until November 1417. Sir John Oldcastle Sir John was born in around 1378 in Herefordshire, to Sir Richard Oldcastle, and due to the wealth of his parents gained an excellent education. The First Part of the True and Honorable Historie of the Life of Sir John Oldcastle Michael Drayton, Richard Hathwaye, Anthony Munday and Robert Wilson Act II. 1905 SIR JOHN OLDCASTLE 639 remained quiet on the surface ; but there was an atmosphere of unrest and suspicion. Even more so, Frances Brooke, the 10th Baron's wife and 11th Baron's mother, was a close personal favorite of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth I (an Elizabethan could not have been more or better connected than the Cobhams). In the next few years Oldcastle held notable positions in the Welsh campaigns of King Henry IV of England against Owain Glyndŵr, including captaincy first over Buil… Enter Lord Cobham with Harpoole. ), which is generally thought to have been one of Shakespeare's sources for his plays on Henry IV and Henry V. The genesis of Sir John Oldcastle is crucially linked to the fact that when Shakespeare's Henry IV plays premiered on stage in 1597–98, the character Sir John Falstaff was called Sir John Oldcastle. There is even a hint that Falstaff was originally Oldcastle in The Merry Wives of Windsor too. The king was evidently aware that the Lollards did not intend to submit tamely to the aggressive policy recently adopted. 172 reviews #193 of 1,857 Quick Bites in London $ Quick Bites Bar British. The play was originally published anonymously in 1600 (Q1), printed by Valentine Simmes for the bookseller Thomas Pavier. Oldcastle, Sir John, 1378?–1417, English leader of Lollardry Lollardry or Lollardy, medieval English movement for ecclesiastical reform, led by John Wyclif, whose "poor priests" spread his ideas about the countryside in the late 14th cent. See all restaurants in London. Act I. Save. Find out More > Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Parliament then reiterated his condemnation and penalty, and on December 14 he was hanged over a fire that consumed the gallows. Part 1 was performed by … Sir John Oldcastle the Lollard (1878?-1417) of Lollardry was hanged and burnt here. Sir John Oldcastle "written by William Shakespeare" 1600 by Drayton, Michael, 1563-1631; Munday, Anthony, 1553-1633; Wilson, Robert, d. 1600; Hathway, Richard, fl. He married the heiress of Lord Cobham in 1408 and was known as the good Lord Cobham. Unyielding in his views, he was convicted as a heretic but was granted a stay of execution by the king for 40 days and was imprisoned in the Tower of London. The future lollard leader was born in about 1370 and by 1397 had inherited modest family estates, consisting of the manor of Almeley, near Kington, lands in the neighbouring parishes of Kinnersley and Letton, and property in and around Herefo… (An entry in Henslowe's Diary records a later payment to Drayton for a second part to the play, which has not survived; because of this fact, the extant play has sometimes been called Sir John Oldcastle, Part I or 1 Sir John Oldcastle.). Thou peeuish froward man, what wouldst thou haue? Act III. Publication date 1911 Topics Oldcastle, John, Sir, d. 1417 Publisher [Amersham, Eng.] His grandfather, also called John Oldcastle, was Herefordshire's MP during the latter part of the reign of King Richard II. Under the rule of Henry IV he performed valuable military service, especially in Wales, where he … [2] The name Falstaff was derived from Sir John Fastolf, who was also a historical person—allegedly a greedy and grasping individual, who had a (probably undeserved) reputation for cowardice at the Battle of Patay in 1429. Like other subjects of Elizabethan history plays, Sir John Oldcastle was an actual person, a soldier and Lollard dissenter who was hanged and burned for heresy and treason in 1417—thus earning himself a place in the seminal text of the Protestant Reformation in Tudor England, John Foxe's Book of Martyrs. Sir John Oldcastle is an Elizabethan play about John Oldcastle, a controversial 14th-/15th-century rebel and Lollard who was seen by some of Shakespeare's contemporaries as a proto-Protestant martyr. Updates? Oldcastle is first mentioned in two separate documents in 1400, first as a plaintiff in a suit regarding the advowson of Almely church, and again as serving as a knight under Lord Grey of Codnor in a military expedition to Scotland. He was an approximate model for 16th-century English dramatic characters, including Shakespeare’s Falstaff. Farringdon Point 29-35 Farringdon Road, London EC1M 3JF England +44 20 7242 1013 Website. The First Part of the True and Honorable Historie of the Life of Sir John Oldcastle Michael Drayton, Richard Hathwaye, Anthony Munday and Robert Wilson Prologue. Cob. The Protestant martyr Sir John Oldcastle is the historical original of Shakespeare’s Sir John Falstaff. Open now: 08:00 AM - 12:00 AM. Being a friend of Henry V, he long escaped prosecution for heresy. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. In 1413 he was indicted by a convocation, presided over by Archbishop Thomas Arundel of Canterbury, for maintaining both Lollard preachers and their opinions. Thomas Nashe, in a contemporary letter, complained that the actors were "piteously persecuted by the Lord Mayor and the aldermen" during this period. After the marriage Thomas III moved . When convicted, he escaped from the Tower of London and then led a rebellion against the King. There is also the "castle" reference in IV,v,6 of the same play. instead of "Falst." Sir John Oldcastle (1378?-1417) came from a knightly family and served as a “knight of the shire” representing Herefordshire in the parliament of 1404, and was later a justice of the peace and sheriff. Sir John Oldcastle, (born c. 1378, Herefordshire, Eng.—died Dec. 14, 1417, London), distinguished soldier and martyred leader of the Lollards, a late medieval English sect derived from the teachings of John Wycliffe. Act II. These were the Lords Cobham: William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham (died 6 March 1597), was Warden of the Cinque Ports (1558–97), Knight of the Order of the Garter (1584), and member of the Privy Council (1586–97); his son Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, was granted the paternal post of Warden of the Cinque Ports upon his father's death, and made a Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1599. Claimed. The elder Lord Cobham even had a strong negative impact upon the lives of Shakespeare and his contemporaries in the theater. He married the heiress of Lord Cobham in 1408 and was known as "the good Lord Cobham." English Lollard leader, the son of Sir Richard Oldcastle of Almeley in Herefordshire. Issued for subscribers by the ed. Knowledge about the historical Sir John Oldcastle (known also as Lord Cobham) adds a remarkable complexity to Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part 2 —a complexity certainly present for Shakespeare’s original audience. The Cobham. Oldcastle, on whom Shakespeare based his character Falstaff, was hanged as a traitor in 1417. ), 17th-century play sometimes attributed to William Shakespeare, Learn how and when to remove this template message, with the life and death of Henry surnamed Hotspur. Oldcastle, Sir John (1377–1417) English leader of the Lollards. This did not last; when Cobham died less than a year later, the post of Lord Chamberlain went to Henry Carey's son George, second Lord Hunsdon, and the actors regained their previous patronage. 1598-1602. Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, executed as an heretic and traitor near St. Giles's Fields, London, in December 1417, became a figure of sharp controversy at the end of the sixteenth century. He was an approximate model for 16th-century English dramatic characters, including Shakespeare’s Falstaff. He is first mentioned as serving in the expedition to Scotland in 1400, when he was probably quite a young man. Curiously, this effort to redeem the Oldcastle name was at best only partially successful; allusions to the Falstaff character under the name of Oldcastle continued to appear in succeeding years—in Nathan Field's play Amends for Ladies (1618) and in the anonymous pamphlets The Meeting of Gallants at an Ordinary (1604) and The Wandering Jew (c. 1628), among other works. In the following July, nevertheless, Thomas himself (together with his nephew, (Sir) John Oldcastle, and Walwyn) received royal letters of protection covering their own absense in the province for one year in the retinue of Roger, earl of March, the King’s lieutenant. (Presumably, the lost second half of the play would have had the inevitable grimmer ending of Oldcastle's grisly death. Sir John Oldcastle is an Elizabethan play about John Oldcastle, a controversial 14th-15th century rebel and Lollard who was seen by some of Shakespeare 's contemporaries as a proto- Protestant martyr. The king was warned by his agents, and the small group of Lollards in assembly were captured or dispersed. Managed by: Cecilie Nygård: Last Updated: Sir John's date of birth is unknown, although dubious and possibly apocryphal sources place it variously at 1360 or 1378. The villain of the piece is the Bishop of Rochester, aided by his summoner Clun. The Sir john Oldcastle; Search. Shakespeare’s Falstaff is considered to be more boisterous than Oldcastle had been in real life. Sir John Oldcastle by Drayton, Michael, 1563-1631; Munday, Anthony, 1553-1633; Wilson, Robert, d. 1600; Hathway, Richard, fl. [3], Soon after the premier of Shakespeare's Oldcastle/Falstaff in 1597–98, literary and dramatic works began to appear that defended the reputation of the historical Oldcastle; scholars argue that the muse that inspired these works was Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham. The first part Of the true and honorable historie, of the life of Sir John Old-castle, the good Lord Cobham Performance statement: As it hath been lately acted by the right honorable the Earle of Notingham Lord high Admirall of England his seruants. [ Sir John Oldcastle, Part 1 by Michael Drayton, Richard Hathway, Antony Munday and Robert Wilson was first printed in quarto form in 1600. Oldcastle was presented on stage in both Strangely, it was also included in the third and fourth folios of Shakespeare's Works. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In 1619, a new edition (Q2) carried an attribution to William Shakespeare. He had an outstanding military career, serving Henry V in campaigns against the Welsh. Oldcastle is a religious but not a political dissenter; his quarrel is with the Roman Catholic Church, and he remains loyal to the Crown and to Henry V personally (II,iii). By his marriage in 1408 to Joan, heiress of John, 3rd Lord Cobham, Oldcastle entered nobility and in 1409 was summoned to the House of Lords as a baron. Sir John Oldcastle is an Elizabethan play about John Oldcastle, a controversial 14th-/15th-century rebel and Lollard who was seen by some of Shakespeare's contemporaries as a proto-Protestant martyr. Oldcastle's date of birth is unknown, although dubious and possibly apocryphal sources place it variously at 1360 or 1378. The Life of John When Sir John Oldcastle was born in 1310, in Almeley, Herefordshire, England, United Kingdom, his father, Sir Peter Oldcastle, was 26 and his mother, Lady Peter Oldcastle, was 24. All photos (51) All photos (51) Ratings and reviews. →, , An image should appear at this position in the text. And two years earlier, in 1599, the play Sir John Oldcastle was performed by the Admiral's Men, the main theatrical rivals of Shakespeare's company. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Oldcastle Sir John Oldcastle (died 14 December 1417) was an English Lollard leader. The players were left to the mercies of the local officials of the City of London, who had long wanted to drive the companies of actors out of the City. 1602. It is also indicated in details in the early texts of Shakespeare's plays. Sir John Oldcastle (born about 1378 - died 1417) was a popular figure, a friend to Prince Henry (later Henry V) and a valuable leader in Henry IV's campaigns against the Welsh. Since the life of Oldcastle has already been the subject of several extensive studies,3it is proposed to deal here comparatively briefly with his career, going into detail only where new material has come to light, or where Sir John’s parliamentary activities are concerned. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. He died in 1377, in Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, Wales, United Kingdom, at the age of 67. The same cast of rebels and conspirators is active in this play (II,ii, III,ii, etc.) Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Iambic pentameter verse lines in both parts are irregular when using the name "Falstaff", but correct with "Oldcastle". The play offers a comic character, Sir John of Wrotham, a pale imitation of Falstaff, who interacts with a disguised Henry V (III,iv) much as in Shakespeare's plays. sir Iohn O my fine golden slaues, heres for thee wench yfaith, now Dol, we wil reuel in our beuer, this is a tyth pigge of my vicaridge, God haue mercy neigbour Shooters hill, you paid your tyth honestly. Part 2 has not survived. Her last husband, Sir John Oldcastle, was executed in 1417 for his role in the Lollard heresy. In 1664, the play was one of the seven dramas added to the second impression of the Shakespeare Third Folio by publisher Philip Chetwinde. His father was Richard Oldcastle of Almeley in northwest Herefordshire. This is indicated by abundant external and internal evidence. Walwyn and Thomas Oldcastle probably both returned to England with the earl in January 1398, and on 3 Apr. If you are able to provide it, see Wikisource:Image guidelines and Help:Adding images for guidance. Thomas Brooke (died 1418) (1,152 words) exact match in snippet view article in 1410 by his father with Joan's step-father the Lollard leader Sir John Oldcastle, both then in Parliament together. In the quarto text of Henry IV, Part 2 (1600), one of Falstaff's speech prefixes in Act I, Scene ii is mistakenly left uncorrected, "Old." The bishop of Rochester and Sir John, the parson of Wrotham, meet with the Earl of Suffolk and Butler to inform them about the growing issue of Protestantism within England that seems to be stemming from the influence of Sir John Oldcastle. [1] The diary of Philip Henslowe records that the play was written by Anthony Munday, Michael Drayton, Richard Hathwaye and Robert Wilson. Harp. The later scenes are devoted to Rochester's pursuit of Oldcastle and his wife, and their escapes; the play ends on a temporary positive note, with the Oldcastles evading imprisonment. The change of names, from "Oldcastle" to "Falstaff", is mentioned in seventeenth-century works by Richard James (Epistle to Sir Harry Bourchier, c. 1625) and Thomas Fuller (Worthies of England, 1662). He had already appeared as a cowardly knight in Henry VI, part 1. When the First Folio and quarto texts of that play are compared, it appears that the joke in V,v,85–90 is that Oldcastle/Falstaff incriminates himself by calling out the first letter of his name, "O, O, O!," when his fingertips are singed with candles—which of course works for "Oldcastle" but not "Falstaff." In The Famous Victories of Henry the Fifth, the anonymous source play for Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Sir John appears briefly as a friend of Prince Hal (or Henry). The Sir john Oldcastle. Within a month he escaped to find refuge with the Lollard bookseller William Fisher at Smithfield, where he conspired to kidnap the king at Kent while Lollards answered a summons to assemble at St. Giles’s Fields, near London, the night of Jan. 9, 1414. He fought in the army under Henry IV and earned the respect and friendship of the future Henry V. A fervent supporter of the teachings of John Wycliffe, he was a leader of the Lollards and was condemned as a heretic in 1413. When Carey died on 22 July 1596, the post of Lord Chamberlain was given to William Brooke, Lord Cobham, who definitely was not a friend to the players, and who withdrew what official protection they had enjoyed. It would seem that Oldcastle had all the makings of … Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Oldcastle, Fact Monster - People - Biography of Sir John Oldcastle. Oldcastle is thought to have been the model for Shakespeare’s character ‘Falstaff’. The Prologue. Omissions? as in Henry V, but Oldcastle keeps scrupulously separate from them. If you are able to provide it, see Wikisource:Image guidelines and Help:Adding images for guidance. Sir John Oldcastle, (born c. 1378, Herefordshire, Eng.—died Dec. 14, 1417, London), distinguished soldier and martyred leader of the Lollards, a late medieval English sect derived from the teachings of John Wycliffe. →, , An image should appear at this position in the text. The Sir john Oldcastle, London: See 172 unbiased reviews of The Sir john Oldcastle, rated 4 of 5 on Tripadvisor and ranked #3,330 of 23,071 restaurants in London. 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