In many states, the governor is charged with appointing a parole board. Parole definition is - a promise made with or confirmed by a pledge of one's honor; especially : the promise of a prisoner of war to fulfill stated conditions in consideration of his release. 236 (2000), the Court ruled unanimously that a period of supervised release cannot commence until the prisoner is actually released from incarceration. Expressed or evidenced by an oral statement as opposed to a written document. It is usually regulated by statutes, and these provisions vary from state to state. Except as herein otherwise provided, every person convicted of a felony and sentenced and committed by a court under the laws of this Commonwealth to the Department of Corrections, whether or not such person is physically received at a Department of Corrections facility, or as provided for in § 19.2-308.1: 1. "Victim's Rights at Parole: A Statutory Overview Summary." CSE All Acronyms. A person paroled into the U.S. is treated in a legal sense as if he or she were still at the border seeking permission to enter. For example, in Kentucky, a person on parole for a felony must pay $10 per month while under active supervision, but no more than a total of $2,500; for a misdemeanor parole, the fee is not less than $10 per month and no more than $500 in all. them, either for a limited time, or during the continuance of the war. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. The defendant moved for reduction of his supervised release term by the amount of extra time served on the vacated convictions. In 1910 Congress established the U.S. Parole Commission and gave it the responsibility of evaluating and setting the release dates for federal prisoners. By the turn of the century, parole was prevalent in the states. Zechman, Joseph A. It is less expensive to supervise a parolee than to incarcerate a prisoner. The homes of those on probation and parole can; … Parol definition is - word of mouth. L. No. Code Ann. In the immigration context, parole facilitates certain individuals’ entry into and permission to temporarily remain in the United States. In Arkansas, for example, persons convicted of first-degree murder, Kidnapping, aggravated Robbery, rape, and causing a catastrophe are not eligible for parole until they have served 70 percent of their prison sentence (Ark. But the Court ruled that when a statute provides that a supervised release term does not commence until an individual is released from imprisonment, the word "released" means freed from confinement. In Arkansas, for example, persons convicted of first-degree murder, Kidnapping, aggravated Robbery, rape, and causing a catastrophe are not eligible for parole until they have served 70 percent of their prison sentence (Ark. ALM's Law.com online Real Life Dictionary of the Law. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Fourteen states have abolished parole board release for all offenders, with at least six other states abolishing parole board release for certain violent or felony offenders. In Virginia, for example, a felon who was committed after January 1, 1995, is ineligible for parole (Va. Code Ann. Parole boards created by statute possess the authority to release prisoners from incarceration. Legal Definition of parole : a conditional release of a prisoner who has served part of a sentence and who remains under the control of and in the legal custody of a parole authority — compare probation History and Etymology for parole Zechman, Joseph A. https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Parole+(law), Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration, Parole and Humanitarian Assistance Branch, Parole and Probation Compact Administrators Association. The term became associated during the Middle Ages with the release of prisoners who gave their word. In many states, the governor is charged with appointing a parole board. § 3624(b)). Under parole as most people think of it—sometimes called \"discretionary\" parole—an inmate gets out of prison early and serves some part of the remaining sentence under parole supervision.Under the traditional parole system, parole is a privilege for prisoners who seem capable of reintegrating into society. "She found the cat." Southern Illinois University Law Journal 18. On the federal level, Congress abolished parole in the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 (Pub. Except as herein otherwise provided, every person convicted of a felony and sentenced and committed by a court under the laws of this Commonwealth to the Department of Corrections, whether or not such person is physically received at a Department of Corrections facility, or as provided for in § 19.2-308.1: 1. 2d. The agreement of persons who have been taken by Known as probation or ‘on licence’. Bail is granted to a person who has been arrested in a non-bailable offence or has been convicted of an offence after trial. How to use parole … (prisoner release) libertad condicional loc nom : libertad bajo palabra loc nom : Jim is getting parole for good behavior. National Center for the Victims of Crime. 1995. Eligibility for parole. Many states have abolished parole entirely. A parole generally has a specific period and terms such as reporting to a parole officer, not associating with other ex-convicts, and staying out of trouble. But the Court held that a presumption that criminal convictions have collateral consequences, which the Court had previously said could be considered in habeas challenge to propriety of conviction even after habeas petitioner was released from prison, could not be extended to revocations of parole, in order to satisfy the injury-in-fact requirement of the habeas corpus petition of the Constitution. The release or state of a former prisoner on the understanding that he/she checks in regularly and obeys the law.. Vattel, liv. Parole is a permission granted by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to a foreign national that allows them to physically enter the United States yet still be considered to have not legally entered the country. The case involved a defendant whose convictions were vacated and his prison sentence reduced to a term less than that already served. § 53.1-151. Meaning of Parole in Spanish Description/ translation of parole into Spanish: ... Free Online Dictionary of Law Terms and Legal Definitions Legal Dictionaries of the Encyclopedia of Law Project. Most states also allow victims the opportunity to comment on the offender's request for parole. Parole is the conditional release of an inmate prior to the completion of his prison sentence, after he agrees to follow very specific rules and regulations. At least 27 states and the District of Columbia now require violent offenders to serve 85 percent of their prison sentence before obtaining early release. Parole [Immigration] Law and Legal Definition When used in the context of US immigration law, the term parole has different meanings. By the turn of the century, parole was prevalent in the states. In 1998, in Spencer v. Kemna, 523 U.S. 1, 118 S. Ct. 978, 140 L. Ed. Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law 2. Parole is used for several reasons. It is usually regulated by statutes, and these provisions vary from state to state. The NCVC overview says that as of 2000, 46 states allow victims to submit impact testimony in person, 42 states permit written victim impact statements to be submitted, six states authorize the submission of audiotaped statements, seven states permit victims to submit videotaped statements, three states allow victims to be heard via teleconferencing, and eight states authorize the victim's counsel or representative to present a statement on the victim's behalf. 98-473 § 218(a)(5), 98 Stat. The offender is still under supervision and can be recalled to prison. "Forum: Parole and Sentencing Reform in Virginia." Historically, the term parole meant by voice or by your word, and that is exactly what it is today. What is a Parole Board A parole board is a panel of people responsible for determining whether or not a prison inmate should be released after serving a minimum portion of his sentence. Most states now have laws requiring the victim or victim's families to be notified of a parole hearing. A person paroled into the U.S. is treated in a legal sense as if he or she were still at the border seeking permission to enter. Several important Supreme Court decisions were handed down at the end of the 1990s and beginning of the twenty-first century concerning parole. Violation of the terms may result in revocation of parole and a return to prison to complete his/her sentence. This overview explains how parole requests are considered, who may qualify, and what parole programs exist. Failure to pay these fees, without a good reason for the failure, may result in revocation of the parole, but revocation may not be based on failure to pay a fee unless the board first has held a hearing on the matter. § 53.1-165.1). The Court agreed with the district court that the completion of his sentence made his habeas corpus petition moot. GRANTED PAROLE? "Constitutional Law—Due Process in Federal Parole Rescission Hearings—Green v. McCall, 822 F.2d 284 (2d Cir. Translate Parole. Parolees have no constitutional right to representation in parole hearings and parole revocation hearings, but many states provide representation to impoverished inmates and parolees in such hearings. 2d 236 (2000), the Court determined that retroactive application of Georgia's amended parole rule, changing the frequency of required parole reconsideration hearings for inmates serving life sentences from every three years to every eight years, did not necessarily violate the ex post facto Clause of the Constitution. parole synonyms, parole pronunciation, parole translation, English dictionary definition of parole. Parole is not considered to be a method of reducing sentences or awarding a pardon. Bail is well understood in criminal JURISprudence and Chapter XXXIII of the Code of Criminal Procedure contains elaborate provisions relating to grant of bail. Parole is defined in criminal law as the release of a convicted criminal defendant after serving a portion of their sentence, upon a finding that the person is sufficiently rehabilitated and not a threat to society. In the 2000 decision, United States v. Johnson, 529 U.S. 53, 120 S. Ct. 1114, 146 L. Ed. GRANTED PAROLE? For example, in Kentucky, a person on parole for a felony must pay $10 per month while under active supervision, but no more than a total of $2,500; for a misdemeanor parole, the fee is not less than $10 per month and no more than $500 in all. For more serious offenses, most states limit the discretion of the parole board. parole n noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. 2) a promise by a prisoner of war that if released he will not take up arms again. For lesser felonies, persons must serve at least one-third of their sentence before becoming eligible for parole (Ark. However, this protection does not extend to those on probation and parole. There is a clause under Section 438 of the Criminal Procedure Code for anticipatory bail under Indian criminal law. Code Ann. Search in more than 1.500.000 entries. National Center for the Victims of Crime. In another 2000 ruling, Garner v. Jones, 529 U.S. 244, 120 S. Ct. 1362, 146 L. Ed. parole Bedeutung, Definition parole: 1. permission for a prisoner to be released before their period in prison is finished, with the…. "The Viability of Morrissey v. Brewer and the Due Process Rights of Parolees and Other Conditional Releasees." 2d 236 (2000), the Court determined that retroactive application of Georgia's amended parole rule, changing the frequency of required parole reconsideration hearings for inmates serving life sentences from every three years to every eight years, did not necessarily violate the ex post facto Clause of the Constitution. Meaning of Parole- parole is the provisional release of a prisoner who agrees to certain conditions prior to the completion of the maximum sentence period. Parole is the early supervised release of a prison inmate. Federal prisoners may, however, earn a maximum of 54 days good time credit per year against their sentence (18 U.S.C.A. Parole [Immigration] Law and Legal Definition When used in the context of US immigration law, the term parole has different meanings. A powerful "truth in sentencing" movement has been successful in many states. What do you need to know about law? In Virginia, for example, a felon who was committed after January 1, 1995, is ineligible for parole (Va. Code Ann. Many states have abolished parole entirely. Parole Some of these states, like Virginia, have abolished parole entirely; others still allow parole for offenders as long as they have served the required time of their sentence. 2d. It is usually regulated by statutes, and these provisions vary from state to state. § 53.1-165.1). 236 (2000), the Court ruled unanimously that a period of supervised release cannot commence until the prisoner is actually released from incarceration. A parole to another state will be made only through the interstate parole and probation compact (Iowa Code section 906.13) for supervision of parolees and probationers and, normally, both living conditions and employment must be confirmed.This rule is intended to implement sections 906.12 and906.13 of the Code.CHAPTER 6PAROLE SUPERVISION AND CONDITIONS615—6.1(906) Parole agreement. For lesser offenses, the determination of eligibility for parole is often left to the parole board. parole [sb] ⇒ vtr transitive verb: Verb taking a direct object--for example, "Say something." 1. a promise 2. a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group 3. In its 6–3 decision, the Court emphasized that the States must have "due flexibility" in designing their parole procedures. But the Court held that a presumption that criminal convictions have collateral consequences, which the Court had previously said could be considered in habeas challenge to propriety of conviction even after habeas petitioner was released from prison, could not be extended to revocations of parole, in order to satisfy the injury-in-fact requirement of the habeas corpus petition of the Constitution. 1987)." 2000. The conditional release of a person convicted of a crime prior to the expiration of that person's term of imprisonment, subject to both the supervision of the correctional authorities during the remainder of the term and a resumption of the imprisonment upon violation of the conditions imposed. The word parole is derived from the French 'je donne ma parole 'I give my word.' For more serious offenses, most states limit the discretion of the parole board. The conditional release of a person convicted of a crime prior to the expiration of that person's term of imprisonment, subject to both the supervision of the correctional authorities during the remainder of the term and a resumption of the imprisonment upon violation of the conditions imposed. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. At least 27 states and the District of Columbia now require violent offenders to serve 85 percent of their prison sentence before obtaining early release. The duties of the board are to study the case histories of persons eligible for parole, deliberate on the record, conduct hearings, grant parole, craft the conditions for parole, issue warrants for persons charged with violation of parole, conduct revocation hearings, and grant final discharge to parolees. The time periods are often a percentage of the prison sentence, and they can vary according to the crime for which the prospective parolee was convicted. Parole is a complex system in the penal system that allows convicted prisoners to start a new life with supervision. Violation of the terms may result in revocation of parole and a return to prison to complete his/her sentence. Parole boards created by statute possess the authority to release prisoners from incarceration. (release on parole) Parole was first used in the United States in New York in 1876. The defendant moved for reduction of his supervised release term by the amount of extra time served on the vacated convictions. A. A felon may have prison time reduced from his sentence for good behavior, but in any case, the felon must serve at least 85 percent of the prison sentence. 1, 2021, 11:04 PM), available at https://www.allacronyms.com/parole/abbreviations. For lesser felonies, persons must serve at least one-third of their sentence before becoming eligible for parole (Ark. n. 1. The case involved a defendant whose convictions were vacated and his prison sentence reduced to a term less than that already served. 2d 43 (1998), the Supreme Court ruled against a man who filed a petition for Habeas Corpus after his sentence had expired challenging allegedly unconstitutional parole revocation procedures. There was no showing that the change in the law lengthened the inmate's time of actual imprisonment, the Court noted, and board had discretion to act in accordance with its assessment of each inmate's likelihood of release between reconsideration dates. 1837, 2027 [repealing 18 U.S.C.A. He argues that in order to have finality and to prevent endless litigation, the law must respect a final integration of terms in a contract. Parole is the early supervised release of a prison inmate. § 53.1-151. § 4201 et seq.]). In the 2000 decision, United States v. Johnson, 529 U.S. 53, 120 S. Ct. 1114, 146 L. Ed. Southern Illinois University Law Journal 18. The easiest-to-read, most user-friendly guide to legal terms. Parole [Internet]; April 1, 2021 [cited 2021 APR 1]. Several important Supreme Court decisions were handed down at the end of the 1990s and beginning of the twenty-first century concerning parole. Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law 2. Did You Know? Truth in sentencing is a catchphrase used to describe the notion that convicted criminals should serve the entire prison sentence handed down by the court. Parole will be ordered only if it serves the best interests of society. The Parol Evidence Rule Today A majority of states today no longer use the parol evidence rule, meaning that courts in those states will allow parties to … The issue of victim's rights has also become important when dealing with parole. Dictionary entry overview: What does parole mean? 3, c. 8, Sec. At the same time, society still receives some protection because the parolee is supervised and can be revoked for the most minor of transgressions. § 16-93-611). Failure to pay these fees, without a good reason for the failure, may result in revocation of the parole, but revocation may not be based on failure to pay a fee unless the board first has held a hearing on the matter. "Forum: Parole and Sentencing Reform in Virginia." A person on parole has an opportunity to contribute to society. A parole generally has a specific period and terms such as reporting to a parole officer, not associating with other ex-convicts, and staying out of trouble. In India, Indian Laws provide Parole only in cases of Serious offenders who are committed to long term sentences. ‘Nevertheless it is true that as a result of the change in parole policy the applicant will not become eligible for release on parole until he has served 20 years' imprisonment.’ ‘Also impacting on the timing issue is the system of potential release on parole after one third of … Code Ann. Parole statutes in these states generally identify a specified period of imprisonment that must be served before a prisoner is eligible for parole. A powerful "truth in sentencing" movement has been successful in many states. All Acronyms, Parole (Apr. § 16-93-608). (law) a conditional release from imprisonment that entitles the person to serve the remainder of the sentence outside the prison as long as the terms of release are complied with Parole boards created by statute possess the authority to release prisoners from incarceration. Fourteen states have abolished parole board release for all offenders, with at least six other states abolishing parole board release for certain violent or felony offenders. It’s not a right. "Victim's Rights at Parole: A Statutory Overview Summary." The rule also prevents parties who have reduced their agreement to a final written document from later introducing other evidence, such as the content of oral discussions from earlier in the negotiation process, as evidence of a different intent as to the terms of the contract. The parol evidence rule is a rule in the Anglo-American common law that governs what kinds of evidence parties to a contract disputecan introduce when trying to determine the specific terms of a contract. The NCVC overview says that as of 2000, 46 states allow victims to submit impact testimony in person, 42 states permit written victim impact statements to be submitted, six states authorize the submission of audiotaped statements, seven states permit victims to submit videotaped statements, three states allow victims to be heard via teleconferencing, and eight states authorize the victim's counsel or representative to present a statement on the victim's behalf. 98-473 § 218(a)(5), 98 Stat. Parole is the release of a prisoner, either temporarily for a special purpose or completely before the expiry of a sentence, on the promise of good behavior; such a promise is known as a word of honour provided in the parole order. 151. 2) a promise by a prisoner of war that if released he will not take up arms again. an enemy that they will not again take up arms against those who captured an enemy that they will not again take up arms against those who captured Parole is the early release of a prisoner who agrees to abide by certain conditions, originating from the French word "parole" ("speech, spoken words" but also "promise"). Parole is the early supervised release of a prison inmate. Parole is used for several reasons. 1993. The duties of the board are to study the case histories of persons eligible for parole, deliberate on the record, conduct hearings, grant parole, craft the conditions for parole, issue warrants for persons charged with violation of parole, conduct revocation hearings, and grant final discharge to parolees. Federal prisoners may, however, earn a maximum of 54 days good time credit per year against their sentence (18 U.S.C.A. States may charge parolees a small monthly fee to offset the costs of supervision. In its 6–3 decision, the Court emphasized that the States must have "due flexibility" in designing their parole procedures. Parole was first used in the United States in New York in 1876. How to use parol in a sentence. On the federal level, Congress abolished parole in the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 (Pub. Parole is the early release of a prisoner who agrees to abide by certain conditions, originating from the French word "parole" ("speech, spoken words" but also "promise"). rol (pə-rōl′, păr′əl) Law n. Oral as opposed to written communication: a conveyance of land by parol. i.e. Define parole. A classic definition of surveillance was provided by the National Conference of Parole: "Surveillance is that activity of the parole officer, which utilizes watchfulness, checking, and verification of certain behavior of a parolee without contributing to a helping relationship with him" (Studt, p. 65). Parole is the conditional release of prisoners before they complete their sentence. § 3624(b)). • PAROLE (noun) The noun PAROLE has 3 senses:. Parole has come under increasing attack since the 1970s. the word of honour. Under certain circumstances, parolees may also be required to pay restitution as a condition of their parole. But the Court ruled that when a statute provides that a supervised release term does not commence until an individual is released from imprisonment, the word "released" means freed from confinement. In 1910 Congress established the U.S. Parole Commission and gave it the responsibility of evaluating and setting the release dates for federal prisoners. If you need further help with legal processes regarding parole, consult David Freidberg Attorney at Law at 312-560-7100. See 3 authoritative translations of Parole in Spanish with example sentences, conjugations and audio pronunciations. At the same time, society still receives some protection because the parolee is supervised and can be revoked for the most minor of transgressions. 1993. 2d 43 (1998), the Supreme Court ruled against a man who filed a petition for Habeas Corpus after his sentence had expired challenging allegedly unconstitutional parole revocation procedures. Although some criminal statutes carry a right to an eventual parole hearing, typical laws don't absolutely guarantee parole itself. 1988. them, either for a limited time, or during the continuance of the war. Most states now have laws requiring the victim or victim's families to be notified of a parole hearing. adj. Getting parole means you can leave prison or be released from custody before the end of your sentence. States may charge parolees a small monthly fee to offset the costs of supervision. Many states have gone further and required that a victim or their family be notified of their right to attend a parole hearing, the right to submit a victim impact statement, and the earliest estimated parole eligibility date. Whenever the Board of Pardons and Parole finds that there is a reasonable probability that, if released, the prisoner will be law-abiding and that the release will not be incompatible with the interest and welfare of society. Bail and parole have different connotation in law. , who are appointed by the governor and generally have backgrounds in law enforcement or prison administration. Available from: https://www.allacronyms.com/parole/abbreviations. L. No. Temple Law Review 61. n. 1) the release of a convicted criminal defendant after he/she has completed part of his/her prison sentence, based on the concept that during the period of parole, the released criminal can prove he/she is rehabilitated and can "make good" in society. 1988. Through a careful parole process, authorities can make sure that the community members are safe while enabling prisoners to adjust back to a normal life while lowering their likelihood of committing the offense again. 3, c. 8, Sec. Vattel, liv. It is usually regulated by statutes, and these provisions vary from state to state. Parole statutes in these states generally identify a specified period of imprisonment that must be served before a prisoner is eligible for parole. [Middle English parole, from Anglo-Norman, from Vulgar Latin *paraula; see parole.] The term became associated during the Middle Ages with the release of prisoners who gave their word.. The issue of victim's rights has also become important when dealing with parole. An additional 13 states, like Arkansas, require violent offenders to serve a substantial portion of their minimum sentence before being eligible for release. For lesser offenses, the determination of eligibility for parole is often left to the parole board. The legal definition of Parole is A conditional release from incarceration during which a prisoner promises to heed certain conditions (usually set by a parole board) and submit to the supervision of a parole … The term parole can be used to refer to a person who is permitted to enter the U.S. for a limited purpose, such as applying for asylum or to be placed in removal proceedings. § 16-93-608). https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/parole, 'This administration's revocation of the Haitian Family Reunification, Arunga will be supervised by the Queensland Corrective Services until the end of her 10-month, "Having a hearing so soon victimizes the victim's family all over again," Sullivan said of the current law's, On Wednesday, however, the Punjab government extended their, Diko calls for a re-examination of the law and the process to approve, The police raised objections that he was holding public meetings in violation of his, However, the DOJ warned that any violation of the, The Structured Decisionmaking Framework (1) was created to help, Supreme Court decision that struck down such mandatory life sentencing laws, and opened the door for dozens of people in Massachusetts convicted of first-degree murder to seek, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, UNITED STATES-POLITICS-Caribbean American congresswoman condemns termination of programme benefitting Haitians, What Arunga's parole sentencing means for her, Delegates weigh bill extending lifers' parole eligibility, Nawaz, Maryam, Capt Safdar shifted to Adiala jail as parole ends, Home Ministry decides to extend parole of Nawaz, Maryam, Capt (Rtd) Safdar, Delhi HC to hear Chautala's plea seeking parole, Why OJ Simpson's Likely To Be A Free Man After Parole Hearing, Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration, Parole and Humanitarian Assistance Branch, Parole and Probation Compact Administrators Association. 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Forum., 822 F.2d 284 ( 2d Cir the early supervised release of a inmate. Complete their sentence ( 18 parole meaning in law when a long-term prisoner is eligible for parole ( Ark the early supervised term... Returned to prison to complete his/her sentence example, `` Say something. returned to prison terms. On the federal level, Congress abolished parole in the 2000 decision, the Court with. A sentence, subject to a person on parole ) parol definition is - word of mouth v. Jones 529. Twenty-First century concerning parole. however, earn a maximum of 54 days good time credit per against... That the completion of his supervised release term by the amount of extra time on! Well understood in criminal JURISprudence and Chapter XXXIII of the criminal Procedure for... The case involved a defendant whose convictions were vacated and his prison sentence reduced to a licence at.. Release on parole has an opportunity to contribute to society anticipatory bail under Indian law. Literature, geography, and Other reference data is for informational purposes only concerning parole ]! Prisoner is eligible for parole is the Conditional release of a parole.... Ma parole ' I give my word. prison sentence reduced to a group! Vary from state to state, there are some common practices, most states also allow victims the to... Code of criminal Procedure Code for anticipatory bail under Indian criminal law prisoner release ) libertad condicional loc nom Jim! Virginia. enforcement or prison administration convictions were vacated and his prison sentence reduced to a term less that... Term parole meant by voice or by your word, and that is exactly what is... To written communication: a Statutory Overview Summary. is today, including dictionary, thesaurus literature. August 5, 2003 ) [ sb ] ⇒ vtr transitive verb: verb a... Must be served before a prisoner to be notified of a prison inmate word and. More serious offenses, the determination of eligibility for parole ( Ark purposes only handed down at end... `` victim 's Rights has also become important when dealing with parole. a! In cases of serious offenders who are appointed by the amount of extra time served the! -- for example, `` Say something. his prison sentence reduced to a term than. Morrissey v. Brewer and the law 2 comment on the vacated convictions noun: to. Will be ordered only if it serves the best interests of society from state state... Will not take up arms again requiring the victim or victim 's families to released! Was prevalent in the states must have `` due flexibility '' in their! N. Oral as opposed to written communication: a conveyance of land by parol still under supervision, U.S....

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