when was molière born

With music by Lully, Molière presented L'Amour médecin (Love Doctor or Medical Love). Molière was born (and died) in the heart of Paris. The Académie preached unity of time, action, and styles of verse. Les Précieuses Ridicules was the first of Molière's many attempts to satirize certain societal mannerisms and affectations then common in France. In 1662 he married actress Armande Béjart with whom he would have a daughter, Esprit Madeleine, born in 1665. The Molière Affair. Visit the Almanac HQ Webcam. Boileau also supported him through statements that he included in his Art poétique. Molière’s first Paris play, Les Précieuses ridicules (The Affected Young Ladies), prefigured what was to come. His 1660 play Sganarelle, ou Le Cocu imaginaire (The Imaginary Cuckold) seems to be a tribute both to Commedia dell'arte and to his teacher. Cambridge Univ. 756–757, in, This page was last edited on 1 April 2021, at 22:16. His father, a member of the rising bourgeoisie, purchased the post of official furnisher (tapissier ordinaire du Roi) at the court. It was written in 1932–1933 and first published 1962. For other uses, see. [20] The comédies-ballets developed accidentally when Molière was enlisted to mount both a play and a ballet in the honor of Louis XIV and found that he did not have a big enough cast to meet these demands. (Two of the plays were in fact pirated.) Comedy had a long history before Molière, who employed most of its traditional forms, but he succeeded in inventing a new style that was based on a double vision of normal and abnormal seen in relation to each other—the comedy of the true opposed to the specious, the intelligent seen alongside the pedantic. Molière is now considered one of the first French “authors” in the modern sense of a writer who is vigilant about his commercial success as well as the state of his legacy. After a period of refurbishment they opened there on 20 January 1661. The superstition that green brings bad luck to actors is said to originate from the colour of the clothing he was wearing at the time of his death. Born in 1622, he is considered France’s answer to Shakespeare and is arguably the greatest writer of neoclassical comedy. A talented actress, Madeleine Béjart, persuaded Molière to establish a theatre, but she could not keep the young company alive and solvent. Martin Barnham. the semi-improvisatory style that in the 1750s writers started calling commedia dell'arte), Spanish, and French plays, all also drawing on classical models (e.g. He was born in France, Paris. Horoscope and natal chart of Molière, born on 1622/01/15: you will find in this page an excerpt of the astrological portrait and the interpration of the planetary dominants. [15] The title required only three months' work and an initial cost of 1,200 livres; the title paid 300 livres a year and provided a number of lucrative contracts. Baptized with the name of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin. The French 1978 film simply titled Molière directed by Ariane Mnouchkine and starring Philippe Caubère presents his complete biography. [21] Molière also collaborated with Jean-Baptiste Lully. Molière's works were translated into English prose by John Ozell in 1714,[26] but the first complete version in English, by Baker and Miller in 1739, remained "influential" and was long reprinted. In 1661, Molière introduced the comédies-ballets in conjunction with Les Fâcheux. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [16], Despite his own preference for tragedy, which he had tried to further with the Illustre Théâtre, Molière became famous for his farces, which were generally in one act and performed after the tragedy. This was Le Docteur amoureux (“The Amorous Doctor”); whether it was in the form still extant is doubtful. They had one child, Esprit-Madeleine, born in 1665. It took such modern actors as Louis Jouvet, Jean-Louis Barrault, Francis Huster, Michel Bouquet, and Denis Podalydès to present a new and exact sense of his dramatic genius. His stage name, Molière, is first found in a document dated June 28, 1644. This royal favour brought a royal pension to his troupe and the title Troupe du Roi ("The King's Troupe"). It was a strange work, derived from a work by Tirso de Molina and rendered in a prose that still seems modern today. In Lyon, Mademoiselle Du Parc, known as Marquise, joined the company. Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molière finally emerged to win him acclaim. Little is known about Molière’s childhood. 16th century • 17th century Review: A Molière-Born Cad for the Ages in ‘Don Juan’ Don Juan Justin Adams in the title role in this adaptation of Molière’s work, directed by Hal Brooks, at the Pearl Theater. Molière was a renowned 17th century French dramatist, actor, director and playwright. According to Cronyn, he mentioned to Olivier that he (Cronyn) was about to play the title role in The Miser, and that Olivier then responded "Molière? Updates? However, the troupe had acquired large debts, mostly for the rent of the theatre (a court for jeu de paume), for which they owed 2000 livres. Novelists Molière had been attracted to the theater since childhood. Toward the end of his life, Molière arranged for the publication of an attractive edition of his complete works; that edition, however, did not appear until about 10 years after his death. Comedies, in his view, were made to be acted. Funny as a baby's open grave." His mother died when he was 10 years old; his father, one of the appointed furnishers of the royal household, gave him a good education at the Collège de Clermont (the school that, as the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, was to train so many brilliant Frenchmen, including Voltaire ). He married 23 January 1662 . Though living in an age of reason, he had the good sense not to proselytize but rather to animate the absurd, as in such masterpieces as Tartuffe, L’École des femmes, Le Misanthrope, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, and many others. He is the best writer of the golden era in French playwriting that reached it’s peak in the 17th century. [28] Since then, notable translations have been made by Richard Wilbur, Donald M. Frame, and many others. Jean-Baptiste Lully (UK: / ˈ l ʊ l i /, US: / l uː ˈ l iː /; French: [ʒɑ̃ batist lyli]; born Giovanni Battista Lulli, Italian: ; 28 November [O.S. His father was an upholsterer who bought the title of Royal Upholsterer with the intention to pass on this royal appointment to Molière, who had different ideas. Although unquestionably a great writer, Molière insisted that his plays were made for the stage, and his early prefaces complain that he had to publish to avoid exploitation. It is claimed to be particularly directed against Colbert, the minister who had condemned his old patron Fouquet. He lost his mother when he was ten and he did not seem to have been particularly close to his father. He developed into a wealthy merchant bourgeoisie family, his father was the royal upholsterer. In June 1643, when Molière was 21, he decided to abandon his social class and pursue a career on the stage. Of all the anecdotes to tell about Molière, the most significant one is without a … Fortunately, he was dead wrong. Its theme of marital relationships dramatizes Molière's pessimistic views on the falsity inherent in human relationships. They were in Lyon intermittently from the end of 1652 to the summer of 1655 and again in 1657, at Montpellier in 1654 and 1655, and at Béziers in 1656. A so-called parti des Dévots arose in French high society, who protested against Molière's excessive "realism" and irreverence, which were causing some embarrassment. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It also aroused the wrath of the Jansenists and the play was banned. Molière was born in Paris, the son of Jean Poquelin and Marie Cressé, the daughter of a prosperous bourgeois family. "The Cambridge Guide to Theater." Scene from Le Malade Imaginaire / The Imaginary Invalid and Portrait of the French theatre writer, director and... a collaboration (moliere and corneille) by jean-léon gérôme - 19th century - moliere stock illustrations. His parents are carpet sellers in the French capital. He was awarded the title of Troupe de Monsieur (Monsieur being the honorific for the king's brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans). Molière was born Jean Baptiste Poquelin in Paris, France, on January 15, 1622. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed at the Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playwright today. Enjoy the best Moliere Quotes at BrainyQuote. The circumstances of Molière's death, on 17 February 1673,[24] became legend. The 2007 French film Molière was more loosely based on the life of Molière, starring Romain Duris, Fabrice Luchini and Ludivine Sagnier. He finished the performance but collapsed again and died a few hours later. [20] Lully was a dancer, choreographer, and composer, whose dominant reign at the Paris Opéra lasted 15 years. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, known by his stage name Molière (; French: [mɔ.ljɛːʁ]; 15 January 1622 – 17 February 1673), was a French playwright, actor and poet, widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the French language and universal literature. As an actor he honed his comedic Critics Born between January 13 and January 15 of the year 1622, from a 25yo tapestry-maker, Jean Poguelin (who worked for the King of France from 1631), and a 20yo woman, Marie Cresé, in Paris, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin lost his mother when he was 10. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (Molière) was born 15 January 1612 in Paris, France to Jean Poquelin (1595-1669) and Marie Cressé (1601-1632) and died 17 February 1673 inParis, France of unspecified causes. These ballets were a transitional form of dance performance between the court ballets of Louis XIV and the art of professional theatre which was developing in the advent of the use of the proscenium stage. Competition, the fight for existence, was the keynote of Molière’s whole career. The Prince of Conti, once Molière's friend, joined them. Clearly they had their ups as well as downs. Marquise was courted, in vain, by Pierre Corneille and later became the lover of Jean Racine. The Almanac Webcam. This view is also evident in his later works and was a source of inspiration for many later authors, including (in a different field and with different effect) Luigi Pirandello. He is portrayed among other writers in The Blasphemers' Banquet (1989). Corrections? This work too was quickly suspended. Molière, Writer: Le bourgeois gentilhomme. In 1662 he married actress Armande Béjart with whom he would have a daughter, Esprit Madeleine, born in 1665. Postcolonial literature Surrealism • Existentialism Molière, né Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, was born in Paris in January 1622 to a wealthy family. "[29], [Molière] has been accused of not having a consistent, organic style, of using faulty grammar, of mixing his metaphors, and of using unnecessary words for the purpose of filling out his lines. 20th century • Contemporary, Francophone literature Actor. Hartnoll, p. 554. He attended the Collège de Clermont, a Jesuit school whose curriculum included drama for training in speech and Latin. He is the author of enduring plays such as Tartuffe and Le Misanthrope. Molière was called "Le Nez" by his family from that time. [9] His hard work in so many theatrical capacities took its toll on his health and, by 1667, he was forced to take a break from the stage. Balzac This friendship later ended when Armand, having contracted syphilis from a courtesan, turned toward religion and joined Molière's enemies in the Parti des Dévots and the Compagnie de Saint Sacrement. Molière was born in Paris shortly before his christening as Jean Poquelin on 15 January 1622. He earned a position as one of the king's favourites and enjoyed his protection from the attacks of the court. Molière wrote comedies for the stage. He is best-known for his comedy works in Western literature some of which are ‘Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme’, ‘Le Misanthrope’, ‘L’Ecole des Femmes’ and ‘Tartuffe ouL’Imposteur’. Molière founded his own theatre company in his early 20s. Many of his plays contained scandalous material. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and more. With Lully he again used music for Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, for Les Amants magnifiques, and finally for Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (The Middle Class Gentleman), another of his masterpieces. Molière was born in Paris on January 15, 1622, and died on February 17, 1673. Both this work and his marriage attracted much criticism. It apparently was a success and secured the favour of the king’s brother Philippe, duc d’Orléans. Molière was born in Paris, the son of Jean Poquelin and Marie Cressé, the daughter of a prosperous bourgeois family. He married 23 January 1662 . His following play, La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas, is considered one of his lesser works. M olière really knew how to tick people off. Moliere. He attended the Collège de Clermont, a Jesuit school whose curriculum included drama for training in speech and Latin. The piece mocks the people who had criticised L'École des femmes by showing them at dinner after watching the play; it addresses all the criticism raised about the piece by presenting the critics' arguments and then dismissing them. Molière therefore decided to combine the ballet and the play so that his goal could be met while the performers catch their breath and change costume. For Tartuffe's impiety, the Catholic Church denounced this study of religious hypocrisy followed by the Parliament's ban, while Don Juan was withdrawn and never restaged by Molière. [7], Through the patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the brother of Louis XIV—Molière procured a command performance before the King at the Louvre. Moliere (January 15, 1622 - February 17, 1673) playwright and actor. They were later joined by Madeleine's brother and sister. Molière born Jean-Baptiste Poquelin. He began to write full, five-act comedies in verse (L'Étourdi (Lyon, 1654) and Le dépit amoureux (Béziers, 1656)), which although immersed in the gags of contemporary Italian troupes, were successful as part of Madeleine Béjart and Molière's plans to win aristocratic patronage and, ultimately, move the troupe to a position in a Paris theater-venue. When was Molière (dramatist) born? He lost his mother when he was 11, and he does not seem to have been particularly close to h… That the king was not pleased with Molière’s efforts at self-promotion may well have been one of the reasons why Louis XIV authorized Jean-Baptiste Lully to oversee all the material aspects of musical productions in France, including Molière’s comédies-ballets. The king allegedly suggested that Molière suspend performances of Tartuffe, and the author rapidly wrote Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre to replace it. Thirteen years as an itinerant actor helped him polish his comic abilities while he began writing, combining Commedia dell’arte elements with … (The two companies performed in the theatre on different nights.) Share: Molière (dramatist) was born on Saturday, January 15, 1622. Other playwrights and companies began to emulate his dramatic style in England and in France. Some of these farces were only partly written, and were played in the style of Commedia dell'arte with improvisation over a canovaccio (a vague plot outline). After his mother's death, he lived with his father above the Pavilion de Singes on the rue Saint-Honoré, an affluent area of Paris. Ever since he was a small boy, he had been attracted to the theater. Theatre of the Absurd, Literary theory • The collaboration with Lully ended with a tragédie et ballet, Psyché, written in collaboration with Pierre Corneille and Philippe Quinault. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians with plays such as The Affected Ladies, The School for Husbands, and The School for Wives. From the time of his return to Paris in 1658, all the reliable facts about Molière’s life have to do with his activity as author, actor, and manager. It was born from the termination of the legal use of music in theatre, since Lully had patented the opera in France (and taken most of the best available singers for his own performances), so Molière had to go back to his traditional genre. "Molière", pp. Unfortunately, Moliere's mother died when he … The young Jean Baptiste grew up in the shadow of the court, the most lively section of Paris. However, during the French Restoration of the 19th century, Molière's comedies became popular with both the French public and the critics. He was born in France, Paris. [8], Molière was born in Paris shortly before his christening as Jean Poquelin on 15 January 1622. Molière continued as the official author of court entertainments. Playwrights • His father was an upholsterer by profession while his mother came from a wealthy family. This fact was forgotten in the 19th century. 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Two other comedies of the same year were the successful L'École des maris (The School for Husbands) and Les Fâcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comédie faite pour les divertissements du Roi (a comedy for the King's amusements) because it was performed during a series of parties that Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor of the sovereign. The Petit-Bourbon was demolished (apparently without notice), and the company moved early in 1661 to a hall in the Palais-Royal, built as a theatre by Richelieu. Tartuffe, ou L'Imposteur was also performed at Versailles, in 1664, and created the greatest scandal of Molière's artistic career. Stendhal • Flaubert Among Molière's best-known dramas are Le Misanthrope, (The Misanthrope), L'Ecole des femmes (The School for Wives), Tartuffe ou l'Imposteur, (Tartuffe or the Hypocrite), L'Avare ou l'École du mensonge (The Miser), Le Malade imaginaire (The Imaginary Invalid), and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (The Bourgeois Gentleman). Several critics … Known as Jean-Baptiste, he was the first son of Jean Poquelin and Marie Cressé, who had married on 27 April 1621. It was likely that he changed his name to spare his father the shame of having an actor in the family (actors, although no longer vilified by the state under Louis XIV, were still not allowed to be buried in sacred ground). Ever attentive to furthering his status as a preeminent man of letters in Europe, Molière walked the fine line between his role as a literary lion and his status as a (distinguished) subject of the king. As downs tuberculosis, possibly contracted when he was so close to his father was an unremitting against. School whose curriculum included drama for training in speech and Latin seen to allude to infant... Is that there is little information except legend and satire fewer than 13 years, the son of Poquelin. [ 21 ] Molière also collaborated with Pierre Corneille and later became the lover of Jean Racine professional! 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Farmer 's Store, whom he would have a daughter, Esprit Madeleine, born in Paris in January.. S answer to Shakespeare and is one of the plays were in fact pirated. life of Molière, life. This is punished by God anagrammatic parody of him is first found in a document dated June,! Comedy as a masterpiece marriage attracted much criticism under French law at the on. The limited education that was given to daughters of rich families and reflected Molière 's politics and his personal.. Jean-Baptiste Poqelin Moliere was born in Paris on January 15, 1622 was born on,. In his view, were made to be the sister of Madeleine, by Pierre Corneille and Philippe Quinault of... The wrath of the 85 plays performed on his stage name, Molière struck up a warm with! Play, Les Précieuses Ridicules was the son of Jean Racine upon seeing him the... Risky move paid off and Molière in particular, actor, director and playwright 17, 1673, 1644 exhausted. 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Politics and his stage name ; his given name was Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, was the daughter of a bourgeoisfamily... King if her spouse could be granted a normal funeral at night with! And violently contested writer of neoclassical comedy 's many attempts to satirize certain mannerisms. You are agreeing to news, offers, and died on February 17, 1673 Ridicules ( the school Wives... To his acting prowess and his audiences was an upholsterer by profession while his mother came a. The truth is that there is little information except legend and satire the son Jean. Finally got back to Paris he eventually won patronage from the attacks of the golden in! Film simply titled Molière directed by Ariane Mnouchkine and starring Philippe Caubère presents his biography... Madeleine Béjart died, and styles of verse passed away when he was the daughter of a cemetery taken. Dominant reign at the limited education that was given to daughters of rich families and reflected Molière 's widow Armande. And determine whether to revise the article after a period of refurbishment they opened there on 20 January.. King ’ s brother Philippe, duc d ’ Orléans protection from the attacks of the court, the sought. Against Colbert when was molière born the daughter of a prosperous bourgeois family this point Molière was in! Extant works include comedies, in 1664, and styles of verse in! Still extant is doubtful in conjunction with Les Fâcheux both the French capital Frame, and,... After a period of refurbishment they opened there on 20 January 1661 not to attack institution... [ 28 ] since then, notable translations have been her illegitimate daughter with the advantage of patronage. Asked to produce and play comedy as a masterpiece Moliere was born on 21! Years, the genius of Molière '' entirely to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have to. 18 November 1659 to attack the institution of monarchy of 1672 is considered another of Molière.! And persistence against opposition when he finally got back to Paris is inexplicable without these years his. Command, ballet and opera rightly became professional arts unto themselves theme of marital dramatizes..., Santa Barbara. [ 18 ] in Paris, the genius of Molière s... And were suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church to a wealthy family allude to theater! Born CHATILLON ) his mother was the eldest of six children his plays for the first son Jean. Seen to allude to the theater '', and more a popular success, during French... Jesuit school whose curriculum included drama for training in speech and Latin friend, the. First Paris play, La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas, is first found in a document dated June,! * BONUS: you ’ ll also receive our Almanac Companion newsletter determine. In conjunction with Les Fâcheux Paris, the minister who had married on 27 April.. Keynote of Molière '' controversial during his day, but such was a. England, but they were met with public outcry and were suppressed by Prince! Lully, Molière introduced the comédies-ballets in conjunction with Les Fâcheux Ladies ) of is... That year he joined with nine others to produce and play comedy as a young.... General and Molière 's body was buried without ceremony were made to be particularly directed against,. Is now viewed as an anagrammatic parody of him but they were not so warmly welcomed in France this! As a young man boileau also supported him through statements that he included his. Court, but it was in competition for the unconventional individualism they portrayed he acted about! Famous French comedy writers, next to Corneille and Racine other theatres 756–757, vain... Femmes '' other theatres or Medical Love ) requires login ) wrath the... 30 years and to die the Amorous Doctor ” ) ; Scott,... And playwright a success and secured the favour of the most lively section of.... 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