nathan bedford forrest

Nathan Bedford Forrest, (born July 13, 1821, near Chapel Hill, Tennessee, U.S.—died October 29, 1877, Memphis, Tennessee), Confederate cavalry commander in the American Civil War (1861–65) who was often described as a “born military genius.” His rule of action, “Get there first with the most men,” became one of the most often quoted statements of the war. His uncle was killed there in 1845 during an argument with the Matlock brothers. He was killed in action in Germany during World War II. The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War (composed primarily of Radical Republicans) concluded that Confederates killed most of the Union soldiers after they had surrendered. Gen. James H. Wilson’s Union cavalry into northern Alabama. Nathan Bedford Forrest was a self-taught man who made his fortune as a cotton planter and trader of enslaved people. The death of his father led young Nathan to become the head of the family. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, a repudiated slave owner and early Ku Klux Klan leader who fought in the Civil War, as well as his wife, Mary Ann, are buried in Health Sciences Park. Jefferson Davis was a 19th century U.S. senator best known as the president of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. https://www.biography.com/political-figure/nathan-bedford-forrest. He served from 1857 to 1861, during the build-up to the Civil War. After the Civil War, Nathan Bedford Forrest served as president of the Selma, Marion and Memphis Railroad and managed a plantation manned by convict labor. In 1865, Forrest and his men were struggling just to avoid capture. Two months later, in the aftermath of the Battle of Shiloh, at Fallen Timbers, Forrest was commanding the rear guard of the withdrawing Confederate troops. One soldier stuck his rifle into Forrest’s side and fired, lifting Forrest off his saddle and lodging a mini ball near his spine. He was commissioned lieutenant colonel, and issued this call to arms in June, 1861: In the late 1860s, he associated himself with a fledgling secret society called the Ku Klux Klan and allegedly was its first Grand Wizard, though he later denied any association with the group when testifying before a Joint Congressional Committee in 1871, and again in several newspaper interviews. There’s a statue … In an attempt to hit the enemy one more time, Forrest drove deep the advancing Union line far ahead of his own men and found himself surrounded by Union troops. Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com: accessed ), memorial page for Nathan Bedford Forrest (13 Jul 1821–29 Oct 1877), Find a Grave Memorial no. Nathan Bedford Forrest was the opposite of what you’ve been taught, and our eleven well researched books (and our Forrest screenplay), by award-winning Southern historian Lochlainn Seabrook, contain the evidence to prove it. Five months earlier, on July 10, 1861, Tennessee Governor Isham G. Harris had plucked Forrest from the ranks of the Tennessee Mounted Rifles Company and offered him a command of his own. Rates subject to change. This campaign was a disaster for the Confederacy, and, following the Battle of Nashville (December 15–16), Forrest fought a stubborn rearguard action to cover the retreat of the broken army. Nathan Bedford Forrest rivals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson as the foremost human symbol of Confederate identity. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park is located 8 miles east of Camden along Kentucky Lake. Jefferson Davis promoted him to major general. In February 1862, Forrest and his troops were cornered by Union general Ulysses S. Grant at Fort Donelson, Kentucky. After his father's death, Forrest became head of the family at age 17. The couple would have two children over the course of their marriage. As the war moved on through 1864 and into 1865, Forrest experienced some victories and defeats, but neither strong enough to turn the tide of war toward the South or to destroy his army completely. Nathan Bedford Forrest was born to a poor family in Bedford County, Tennessee. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Nathan Bedford Forrest was a self-taught man who made his fortune as a cotton planter and trader of enslaved people. In 1867 Forrest became the first grand wizard of the original Ku Klux Klan, a secret hate organization that employed terror in pursuit of a white supremacist agenda. After failing to secure the surrender of Union-controlled Fort Pillow in Tennessee, Confederate Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest ordered his men to take the outnumbered garrison by force. Later, Forrest joined that army in time to take part in the Battle of Chickamauga (September 19–20, 1863), where his command held the army’s right flank before pursuing the retreating Union forces. His father, William, a blacksmith, died when Forrest was 16. During the battle and subsequent massacre, between 277 and 295 Union troops—most of whom were Black—were killed. On April 12, 1864, Forrest’s command surrounded Fort Pillow, a small Union installation on the Mississippi River about 40 miles (65 km) north of Memphis. After his father's death, Forrest became head of the family at age 17. In 1841 Forrest went into business with his uncle Jonathan Forrest in Hernando, Mississippi. With much talk of unity of purpose, … In the war’s early months he earned a reputation as a doggedly, if sometimes brutally, determined commander who exercised a natural acumen for battlefield tactics. He is remembered both as a self-made and innovative cavalry leader during the war and as a leading Southern advocate in the postwar years as a figure. Nathan Bedford Forrest was born to William Forrest and Miriam Beck in Bedford County, Tennessee. Nathan Bedford Forrest II (August 1871 – March 11, 1931) was the Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan for Georgia. He along with his twin sister, Fanny was the eldest of the twelve children born to the couple. He was also the Commander-in-Chief of the Sons of Confederate Veterans from 1919 to 1921. His command was responsible for the massacre of African American Union troops stationed at Fort Pillow, Tennessee, in April 1864, and he served as the first grand wizard of the Ku Klux Klan in the early years of Reconstruction. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. His command refused to surrender to Grant and Union forces charged in to take the fort. In this he failed, and Forrest was defeated by Wilson at the Battle of Selma, Alabama (April 2, 1865). In retaliation, Forrest shot and killed two of them with his two-shot pistol and wounded two oth… Forrest’s campaigns were especially detrimental to Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s Vicksburg Campaign. There’s a statue … After his promotion Forrest began acting as a semi-independent cavalry commander. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he raised a cavalry and fought with distinction through much of the war. He spent his remaining years overseeing a prison camp near Memphis and living with his wife in log cabin salvaged from this plantation. After failing to negotiate the fort’s surrender, Forrest ordered his men to take the outnumbered garrison (which was made up African Americans, southern unionists, and Confederate deserters) by force. … (1866) by the Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest, who contracted with the Memphis and Little Rock (now Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific) Railroad to build a line through Crowley’s Ridge. Forrest offered less time and then, fearing the arrival of Union reinforcements, launched a furious assault on the fort. In 1845, Jonathan was killed in a street fight over a business dispute. He seemed to thrive on the gamble and uncertainty in business. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. As Union forces shot after him, he reached down and grabbed an unsuspecting Union soldier and brought him up on the back of his horse, then dumping the man to the ground once he was in the clear. Despite contradictory evidence, it is clear that in many instances Forrest’s men killed African American soldiers who were attempting to surrender. William Tecumseh Sherman was a U.S. Civil War Union Army leader known for "Sherman's March," in which he and his troops laid waste to the South. Wife of Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest Mary Ann Montgomery was born October 2, 1826, daughter of Elizabeth Cowan Montgomery and William Montgomery, a Presbyterian minister. Some contemporaries and historians have argued that Forrest forestalled Vicksburg’s fall by several months. Corrections? Historians agree a massacre did occur but differ in their conclusions over whether the killing was premeditated or occurred in the heat of battle. Isham, who knew Forrest by his reputation as a businessman in Memphis, commissioned him a lieutenant colonel with the authority to recruit a battalion of mounted rangers. Gen. Forrest was the first white man to be invited by this group which was a forerunner of today's Civil Right's group. In 1841, he followed his uncle to start up a business in Hernando, Mississippi. The Tennessee Division is hosting a Confederate Flag Day event March 6th at 1:00 pm, followed by a Flag Retirement Ceremony at 3:00 pm. Nathan Bedford Forrest was a Confederate cavalry commander during the American Civil War. In 2017 the city of Memphis, Tennessee, removed a statue of Forrest from a park once named for him, an event that was among the most public contemporary repudiations of Forrest’s legacy. Between 277 and 295 Union troops were killed. His hardscrabble background contributed to the development of an aggressive and sometimes violent disposition. With the untimely death of his father, Forrest became his family’s sole provider while still a teenager. Map & Directions. Nathan Bedford Forrest Racist? and the University of West Georgia... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Forrest volunteered as a private before deciding to raise and equip an entire unit at his own expense. One of the greatest cavalrymen of the Civil War, Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest allegedly permitted the massacre at Fort Pillow during the war and was associated with the Ku Klux Klan afterward. This in turn led to Forrest’s being promoted to lieutenant general. Public Notice:Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park campground is now trash-can-free. Most of them were Black. Soon he found himself embroiled in one of the war’s most controversial, and brutal, episodes. Despite contradictory evidence regarding Forrest’s orders and response to the actions of his troops, it is clear that in many instances Forrest’s men killed African American soldiers who were attempting to surrender. Robert E. Lee was the leading Confederate general during the U.S. Civil War and has been venerated as a heroic figure in the American South. Despite his nearly nonexistent formal education, he was able to secure a measure of financial stability for his family, and, when his mother remarried, he embarked on his own ventures. Forrest is also associated with one of the more controversial episodes of the Civil War. Forrest is also one of the most controversial figures from the Civil War era. In 1978, a bust of the slave trader, Confederate general and early Ku Klux Klan leader Nathan Bedford Forrest was installed in the Tennessee … At the start of the Civil War, Forrest enlisted as a private in the Tennessee Mounted Rifles. Forrest, on the other hand, refused to take any further orders from Bragg, but, instead of accepting Forrest’s resignation, Confederate Pres. In 1858, he was elected alderman in the city of Memphis. The North has been suppressing the facts about this fascinating American war hero for 150 years. Stonewall Jackson was a leading Confederate general during the U.S. Civil War, commanding forces at Manassas, Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. The remains of Nathan Bedford Forrest and his wife Mary Ann Montgomery will be moved to Columbia, Tenn. in a few weeks, according to court records. C onfederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest died in 1877, yet the slave trader and Klan leader still haunts the American landscape. Their report enraged the Northern populace, and “Remember Fort Pillow!” became a rallying cry for African American Union troops. Controversy surrounds his degree of responsibility at the Battle of Fort Pillow, where nearly 300 surrendering Black soldiers were slaughtered. In May 1863 Forrest foiled Union Col. Abel D. Streight’s attempt to cut the Western and Atlantic Railroad, a vital supply line for the Confederacy’s Army of Tennessee. Site of the second day of battle along the banks of Chickamauga Creek, near Chattanooga, Tennessee. He and his troops were responsible for the massacre of Black Union troops stationed at Fort Pillow, Tennessee, in April 1864, and he was the first grand wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. Forrest was the first American general to be killed in action during the war in Europe. As a result, General Grant was forced to revise his strategy. With his fresh—if relatively untried—division, Forrest resumed his raids against Union forces. He surrendered his entire command in May. The remains of Nathan Bedford Forrest and wife will soon be exhumed from under the pedestal of where his mounted statue once stood and reinterred in Columbia, Tennessee, according to … He soon made a fortune dealing in cotton, land and enslaved people and was said to be the richest man in Tennessee at the time. The battle that ensued was characterized by close-quarters combat, chaos, and the almost total breakdown of command and control. Eventually, after a six-month siege, Vicksburg fell, but Forrest continued to attack boldly and retreat swiftly, frustrating one Union commander after the other and further expanding his reputation. Many Union and some Confederate sources claimed that Confederate forces entering the fort fired on Union troops as they surrendered. Forrest was a ferocious fighter who proved time and again that he was one of the war's most brilliant combat strategists. Forrest was tasked with raising, equipping, and training a new cavalry command to, again, operate semi-independently. Nathan Bedford Forrest, (born July 13, 1821, near Chapel Hill, Tennessee, U.S.—died October 29, 1877, Memphis, Tennessee), Confederate cavalry commander in the American Civil War (1861–65) who was often described as a “born military genius.” He was the oldest son of William and Mary Beck Forrest, and would be one of ten siblings, including a twin sister who died at an early age. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nathan-Bedford-Forrest, HistoryNet - Biography of Nathan Bedford Forrest, American Battlefield Trust - Biography of Nathan Bedford Forrest, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Nathan Bedford Forrest, Nathan Bedford Forrest - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), massacre of Black Union troops stationed at Fort Pillow, Tennessee, in April 1864, American Civil War: Battle of Chickamauga Creek. Mixing an aggressive style with superb battlefield instincts, his attacks on Northern military positions and supply centers became so disruptive that Union general William T. Sherman (18201891; see entry) warned that \"there will never be peace in Tennessee till Forrest is dea… It developed as a commercial centre for an agricultural area (cotton, corn, peaches, rice, soybeans, and wheat), but its economy… $5 reservation fee per site is non-refundable. Following the battle Gen. Braxton Bragg, the Army of Tennessee’s commander, stripped Forrest of his command because the two had argued—one of numerous such acrimonious encounters Forrest had with superior officers during the war. He died on October 29, 1877, reportedly from complications of diabetes. Cutting off communication lines and raiding stores of supplies, Forrest relied on guerrilla tactics and never fully engaged the enemy's superior forces. Wood engraving depicting the Fort Pillow Massacre. He went to work for his uncle, Jonathan, at a tailor shop in Hernando, Mississippi. Ulysses S. Grant served as U.S. general and commander of the Union armies during the late years of the American Civil War, later becoming the 18th U.S. president. The benefits of this initiative include improved aesthetics, a significant cost savings in materials, labor, and fuel, as well as in… Forrest supporters point to the general's actions at the end of his … © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. We strive for accuracy and fairness. After leading a new command to a dramatic victory over Union forces at Mufreesboro, Tennessee, in July, Forrest was promoted to brigadier general. He was the first of blacksmith William Forrest's twelve children with wife Miriam Beck. He and his twin sister, Fanny, were the two eldest of blacksmith William Forrest's twelve children with wife Miriam Beck. “In April of 1867, representatives met in Nashville, at the Maxwell House, and turned out a flavor more to their liking. Confederate cavalryman Nathan Bedford Forrest ranks as one of the most controversial figures in Civil War history. Nathan Hale was an American soldier during the Revolutionary War and was hanged by the British for espionage in 1776. Forrest's speech during a meeting of the "Jubilee of Pole Bearers" is a story that needs to be told. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! As more men joined the outfit, Forrest personally purchased guns, uniforms and supplies to equip the unit. The commander asked for an hour to consider the offer. Shortly after the start of the war, Forrest enlisted as a private in the Confederate army, but soon thereafter, at the behest of Tennessee’s governor, he raised and supplied a cavalry unit, earning a commission as a lieutenant colonel. Despite having no formal military training, Forrest rose from the rank of private to lieutenant general, serving as a cavalry officer at numerous engagements including the Battles of Shiloh, Chickamauga, Brice’s Crossroads and Second Franklin. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). If you read Eddy W. Davison's "Nathan Bedford Forrest: In Search of the Enigma," on page 464 and 474-475, you can see that Forrest not only publicly disavowed the KKK and worked to terminate it, but in August 1874, Forrest "volunteered to help 'exterminate' those men responsible for the continued violence against the blacks." On April 12, 1864, Confederate forces had surrounded Fort Pillow, a union garrison near the Mississippi River, occupied by nearly 300 Black troops, most newly freed enslaved people, and nearly the same number of white soldiers. In 1874, the railroad company failed and Forrest was forced to sell off many of his assets. Although Forrest had threatened Bragg’s life, Bragg, realizing Forrest’s importance to the Confederate war effort, never reported the incident. Nathan Bedford Forrest was born to a poor family in Chapel Hill, Tennessee. Forrest took part in the defense of Fort Donelson, Tennessee (February 1862), from which he and the majority of his command escaped, refusing to capitulate with the rest of the Confederate forces when the fort’s massive garrison surrendered. Nathan Bedford Forrest II was the grandson of Confederate Lieutenant-General Nathan Bedford Forrest. 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