Polyvalent serum is available for treating snakebites caused by these species. [17], In mice, the SC LD50 range for this species is 0.45 mg/kg[18] – 0.75 mg/kg. Specifically, macro-chromosomes, which represent 88% of the genome, have 39.8% of GC content, while micro-chromosomes, that represent only 12% of the genome, contain 43.5% of GC content. Ontogenetic colour change is frequently observed in specimens in the northwestern parts of their geographic range (southern Pakistan and northwestern India). External ear openings: All species of legless lizards have external ear openings. But when they encounter a King cobra, their newfound cobra powers are put to the ultimate test. Midbody scales are in 23 rows (21–25), with 171–197 ventrals. Pseudechis colletti. "ଗୋଖର ସାପ/ନାଗ ସାପ" in (Odia). [27], Synteny analysis between the Indian cobra and the prairie rattlesnake genome revealed large syntenic blocks within macro, micro, and sexual chromosomes. Hoplocephalus spectabilis; Unechis gouldii; Unechis spectabilis; Rhinoplocephalus spectabilis; Parasuta spectabilis; Suta spectabilis bushi. The Indian cobra varies tremendously in colour and pattern throughout its range. In Pakistan, it is absent in most of Balochistan province, parts of North-West Frontier Province, desert areas elsewhere and the Northern Areas. The venom components include enzymes such as hyaluronidase that cause lysis and increase the spread of the venom. The Indian cobra's venom mainly contains a powerful post-synaptic neurotoxin and cardiotoxin. Red-bellied Black Snake. The spectacled hooded snake (Parasuta spectabilis) is a species of snake native to Central-southern Australia. Many specimens exhibit a hood mark. [27], Further studies on gene prediction and annotation of the Indian cobra genome identified 139 toxin genes from 33 protein families. Though this practice is now seen as outdated, symptoms of such abuse include loss of consciousness, euphoria, and sedation. Indian cobras are oviparous and lay their eggs between the months of April and July. Temporals are 2 + 3.[13]. Suta spectabilis (Krefft, 1869) – Port Lincoln snake, spectacled hooded snake – New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia; Suta suta (W. Peters, 1863) – curl snake (eastern states), myall snake (Western Australia) – New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia; Toxicity. 85% of these predicted proteins contained start and stop codon, and 12% contained an N-terminal secretion signal sequence, which is an important feature in terms of toxins secretion from venom glands. They have an ability to raise their neck and flatten it when they feel threatened or endangered. [2][8] The genus Naja was split into several subgenera based on various factors, including morphology, diet, and habitat. No need to register, buy now! [13][19] The average venom yield per bite is between 169 and 250 mg.[13] Though it is responsible for many bites, only a small percentage are fatal if proper medical treatment and anti-venom are given. Out of these genes, 12,346 belonged to the venom gland transcriptome, which included 139 genes from 33 toxin gene families. Some specimens, particularly those from Sri Lanka, may grow to lengths of 2.1 to 2.2 metres (6.9 to 7.2 ft), but this is relatively uncommon.[12]. There are 48–75 divided subcaudals and the anal shield is single. This study allowed the observation of chromosomic fusion and fission events that are consistent with the difference in chromosome number between these species. Acanthophis laevis — Smooth-scaled Death Adder, New Guinea Death Adder, Eastern Death Adder. [12] There's been at least one report of this species occurring in Bhutan. Cobra, hooded snake, spectacle-snake (Naja tripudians). There are seven upper labials (3rd the largest and in contact with nasal anteriorly, 3rd and 4th in contact with eye) and 9-10 lower labials (small angular cuneate scale present between 4th and 5th lower labial), as well as one preocular in contact with internasals, and three postoculars. Suta spectabilis (Krefft, 1869) – Port Lincoln snake, spectacled hooded snake – New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia; Suta suta (W. Peters, 1863) – curl snake (eastern states), myall snake (Western Australia) – New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia; Toxicity. Besides, comparison of venom gland genes between the Indian cobra and C. virides, identified 15 toxin gene families that are unique to the Indian cobra, which included cathelicidins and phospholipase B-like toxins. The snake charmer may then sell this venom at a very high price. This species is absent from true desert regions. [4][5] It is distinct from the king cobra which belongs to the monotypic genus Ophiophagus. Pseudechis porphyriacus. [27], Using protein homology information and expression data from different tissues of the cobra, 23,248 protein-coding genes, 31,447 transcripts, and 31,036 proteins, which included alternatively spliced products, where predicted from this genome. Adult specimens also often exhibit a significant amount of mottling on the throat and on the venter, which makes patterns on this species less clear relative to patterns seen in other species of cobra. Paroplocephalus atriceps — Lake Cronin Snake 148.) [27], On the other hand, by performing whole-genome synteny comparison between the Indian cobra and other reptilian and avian genomes, it was revealed the presence of large syntenic regions between macro, micro, and sexual chromosomes across species from these classes, which indicates changes in chromosome organization between reptile and avian genomes and is consistent with their evolutionary trajectories. WA: specially protected (P1). 2014. W2691. Specimens, particularly those found in Sri Lanka, may exhibit poorly defined banding on the dorsum. Spectacled Hooded Snake (Rhinoplocephalus spectabilis) A Spectacled Hooded Snake (venomous) is nocturnal. [12], This species has a head which is elliptical, depressed, and very slightly distinct from the neck. [26] Using next-generation sequencing and emerging genomic technologies, a de novo high-quality N. naja reference genome was published in 2020. The eyes are medium in size and the pupils are round. In the past Indian snake charmers also conducted cobra and mongoose fights. Naja naja is considered to be the prototypical cobra species within the subgenus Naja, and within the entire genus Naja. The venom acts on the synaptic gaps of the nerves, thereby paralyzing muscles, and in severe bites leading to respiratory failure or cardiac arrest. Paroplocephalus atriceps (Lake Cronin snake) No species found! The generic name and the specific epithet naja is a Latinisation of the Sanskrit word nāgá (नाग) meaning "cobra".[6]. Cobras are also worshipped during the Hindu festival of Nag Panchami and Naagula Chavithi. While searching for Martin's lost Creaturepod, the Kratt brothers encounter a Spectacled cobra. These gory fight shows, in which the snake was usually killed, are now illegal. No need to register, buy now! No need to register, buy now! The genus was first described by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in 1768. Find the perfect spectacled stock photo. It is now protected in India under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972). Find the perfect hooded cobra stock photo. [13][16] The venom acts on the synaptic gaps of the nerves, thereby paralyzing muscles, and in severe bites leading to respiratory failure or cardiac arrest. Spectacled hooded snake is within the scope of WikiProject Australia, which aims to improve Wikipedia's coverage of Australia and Australia-related topics. Other names Port Lincoln snake Krefft's snake Spectacled hooded snake Suta spectabilis [7] The species Naja naja was first described by the Swedish physician, zoologist, and botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1758. [24], As of November 2016[update], an antivenom is currently being developed by the Costa Rican Clodomiro Picado Institute, and the clinical trial phase is in Sri Lanka. spectacled Cobra FOR SALE ADOPTION from Katwa West Bengal Barddhaman @ Adpost.com Classifieds - #86704 spectacled Cobra FOR SALE ADOPTION from Katwa West Bengal Barddhaman for over 1000+ cities, 500+ regions worldwide & in India - free,indian,classified ad,classified ads [27], This transcriptomic data together with the information provided by the high quality Indian cobra genome generated by Susyamohan et al., 2020 suggest that these VSTs together with AVPs form the core toxic effector components of this poisonous snake, which induce muscular paralysis, cardiovascular dysfunction, nausea, blurred vision and hemorrhage after snake bite. A "Delma Legless Lizard (Harmless) A Blue Tongue Lizard (harmless) A Sleepy Lizard, also known as a bobtail, two headed & stumpy tailed lizard. The cobra's dramatic threat posture makes for a unique spectacle, as it appears to sway to the tune of a snake charmer's flute. The majority of specimens exhibit a light throat area followed by dark banding, which can be 4–7 ventral scales wide. [15] Mortality rate for untreated bite victims can vary from case to case, depending upon the quantity of venom delivered by the individual involved. [30], Indian cobras were often a heraldic element in the official symbols of certain ancient princely states of India such as Gwalior, Kolhapur, Pal Lahara, Gondal, Khairagarh and Kalahandi, among others. Here are my top three suggestions: Impacts of Land Clearing on Australian Wildlife in Queensland, Search The University of Michigan's Animal Diversity Web, Mallee black-headed snake at The TIGR Reptile Database, http://www.arod.com.au/arod/?species=Parasuta+spectabilis, habitat degradation by introduced species such as cattle and rabbits - do your bit: eat. Bush's Hooded Snake in English Bush’s Hooded Snake in English Spectacled Hooded Snake in English Spectacled Hooded Snake in English Spectacled Hooded Snake in English Bush’s Hooded Snake in … Snakes have fixed transparent scales that cover their eyes which are known as the brille or spectacle. The Indian cobra is often found in the vicinity of water. Dorsal scales are smooth and strongly oblique. Simoselaps anomalus; Simoselaps bertholdi; Simoselaps bimaculatus (black-naped burrowing snake) Simoselaps littoralis (West-coast banded snake) Snake charmers with their cobras in a wicker basket are a common sight in many parts of India only during the Nag Panchami or Naagula Chavithi festival. All Asiatic species of Naja were considered conspecific with Naja naja until the 1990s, often as subspecies thereof. Snakes do not have ears, and as a result are unable to hear airborne sound using an ear. Parasuta spectabilis nullabor — Nullabor Hooded Snake 145.) For example, chromosome 4 of the Indian cobra shares syntenic regions with chromosomes 3 and 5 of the rattlesnake genome, indicating a possible fusion event. The snout is short and rounded with large nostrils. Vermicella annulata. Additionally, differential expression analysis revealed that 109 genes from 15 different toxin gene families were significantly up-regulated (fold change > 2) in the venom gland and this included 19 genes that were exclusively expressed in this gland. [27] Additionally to these VSTs, other accessory venom proteins (AVPs) were also found to be highly expressed in the venom gland such as: cobra venom factor (CVF), coagulation factors, protein disulfide isomerases, natriuretic peptides, hyaluronidases, phospholipases, L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and 5' nucleotidases. low section of snake charmer sitting by spectacled cobra on field - nackenhaut bei schlangen stock-fotos und bilder cobra - nackenhaut bei schlangen stock-fotos und bilder man wearing hooded jacket in snows covered landcape, smiling, close-up - nackenhaut bei schlangen stock-fotos und bilder [27][28], The identification of these genes coding for core toxic effector components from the Indian cobra venom may allow the development of recombinant antivenoms based in neutralizing antibodies for VST proteins. Preferred hiding locations are holes in embankments, tree hollows, termite mounds, rock piles and small mammal dens.[13][15]. [21] Zedoary, a local spice with a reputation for being effective against snakebite,[22] has shown promise in experiments testing its activity against cobra venom. In a wild adventure to recover their prized gadget, the bros learn about the dual creature powers of the cobras - venom and a hooded defense. This cobra species can easily be identified by its relatively large and quite impressive hood, which it expands when threatened. [27], There are numerous myths about cobras in India, including the idea that they mate with rat snakes.[29]. There are also many small species and many of those have weak venoms and are not dangerous to humans. Sometimes, for the sake of safety, the cobra will either be venomoid or the venom will have been milked prior to the snake charmer's act. Stub This article has been rated as Stub-Class on the project's quality scale. Salt-and-pepper speckles, especially in adult specimens, are seen on the dorsal scales. Mallee Black-headed Snake (Parasuta spectabilis) (9388336127).jpg 4,534 × 3,003; 9.84 MB Mallee Black-headed Snake (Parasuta spectabilis) (9388352615).jpg 4,829 × 3,033; 11.09 MB Retrieved from " https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Parasuta_spectabilis&oldid=380840342 " The Indian cobra is classified under the genus Naja of the family Elapidae. The Indian cobra is a moderately sized, heavy bodied species. [25], Previous cytogenetic analysis revealed the Indian cobra has a diploid karyotype of 38 chromosomes, compromising seven pairs of macro-chromosomes, 11 pairs of micro-chromosomes and one pair of sexual chromosomes. The cobra is deaf to the snake charmer's pipe, but follows the visual cue of the moving pipe and it can sense the ground vibrations from the snake charmer's tapping. Parasuta spectabilis bushi — Bush’s Hooded Snake 146.) Envenomation symptoms may manifest between fifteen minutes and two hours following the bite. Parasuta flagellum (whip hooded snake) Parasuta gouldii Parasuta monachus (monk snake) Parasuta nigriceps (Mallee black-backed snake) Parasuta spectabilis (spectacled hooded snake) Paroplocephalus Paroplocephalus atriceps (Lake Cronin snake) Pseudohaje Pseudohaje goldii (African tree cobra) Rhinoplocephalus The ventral scales or the underside colouration of this species can be grey, yellow, tan, brown, reddish or black. [31], Indian cobra displaying an impressive hood, Indian cobra outside a home in Yelandur, Karnataka, South India, Venom gland transcriptome and toxin gene identification, "Green medicine as a harmonizing tool to antivenom therapy for the clinical management of snakebite: The road ahead", "IMMEDIATE FIRST AID for bites by Indian or Common Cobra (, "Snake Bite as a Novel Form of Substance Abuse: Personality Profiles and Cultural Perspectives", Trials to start for home-grown anti-venom, "The Indian cobra reference genome and transcriptome enables comprehensive identification of venom toxins", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_cobra&oldid=1015213094, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2016, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 March 2021, at 06:31. Eastern Bandy-bandy. New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Parasuta spectabilis bushi: Naja naja is part of the subgenus Naja, along with all the other species of Asiatic cobras, including Naja kaouthia, Naja siamensis, Naja sputatrix, and the rest. [27] The estimated size of this haploid genome is of 1.79 Gb, which has 43.22% of repetitive content and 40.46% of GC content. The Indian cobra's venom mainly contains a powerful post-synaptic neurotoxin[13] and cardiotoxin. SERPENTES (SNAKES)Family Elapidae (Elapid Snakes) The Elapid family are front fanged snakes and this family includes the Australian dangerous land snakes as well as the Cobras found overseas. Rhinoplocephalus. The hatchlings measure between 20 and 30 centimetres (8 and 12 in) in length. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. In India, it may or may not occur in the state of Assam, some parts of Kashmir, and it does not occur in high altitudes of over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) and in extreme desert regions. If you would like to participate, visit the project page. (Harmless) A Blind or Worm Snake - This reptile ("Harmless"), is nocturnal & feeds on termites. Envenomation symptoms may manifest between fifteen minutes and two hours following the bite. There are also many small species and many of those have weak venoms and are not dangerous to humans. This hood mark is located at the rear of the Indian cobra's hood. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. Alte Namen: Suta spectabilis spectabilis. Patterns on the throat and ventral scales are also variable in this species. The Indian cobra's celebrity comes from its popularity with snake charmers. As this species has been observed in Drosh, in the Chitral Valley, it may also occur in the Kabul River Valley in extreme eastern Afghanistan. [9], The Indian cobra[10][11] or spectacled cobra,[4] being common in South Asia, is referred to by a number of local names deriving from the root of Nag (नाग) (Hindi, Marathi) (નાગ)(Gujarati), Moorkhan, മൂര്‍ഖന്‍ (Malayalam), Naya-නයා or Nagaya-නාගයා (Sinhalese), నాగు పాము (Nagu Paamu) (Telugu),[11] ನಾಗರ ಹಾವು Nagara Haavu (Kannada),[11] Nalla pambu (நல்ல பாம்பு) or Nagapambu (நாகபாம்பு) (Tamil)[11] "Phetigom" (Assamese) and Gokhra (গোখরো) (Bengali). The Indian cobra is revered in Indian mythology and culture, and is often seen with snake charmers. The Spectacled Snake (Parasuta spectabilis) tends to be on the coastal plains to the North West of the City and hills north of the Adelaide area, (it has 15 mid body scales). It should be noted that the hood can only be seen when the snake is threatened and is preparing itself ready for an attack. Parasuta gouldii (Gray, 1841) – Black-headed Snake, Gould's Hooded Snake : Species: Parasuta monachus (Storr, 1964) – Monk Snake, Hooded Snake : Species: Parasuta nigriceps (Günther, 1863) – Mallee Black-backed Snake : Species: Parasuta spectabilis (Krefft, 1869) – Spectacled Hooded Snake, Bush's Hooded Snake M2734. Many of the subspecies were later found to be artificial or composites. SERPENTES (SNAKES)Family Elapidae (Elapid Snakes) The Elapid family are front fanged snakes and this family includes the Australian dangerous land snakes as well as the Cobras found overseas. The Indian cobra (Naja naja), also known as the spectacled cobra, Asian cobra, or binocellate cobra, is a species of the genus Naja found, in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan, and a member of the "big four" species that inflict the most snakebites on humans in India. The venom components include enzymes such as hyaluronidase that cause lysis and increase the spread of the venom. This causes much potential confusion when interpreting older literature. The Hindu god Shiva is often depicted with a cobra called Vasuki, coiled around his neck, symbolizing his mastery over "maya" or the world-illusion. [27], Analysis of transcriptomic data from 14 different tissues of the Indian cobra identified 19,426 expressed genes. Dorsal scales of the Indian cobra may have a hood mark or colour patterns. Snakes are very sensitive to vibrations and actually have some remnant bones of the ear attached to the lower jawbone. Find the perfect hood snake stock photo. General threats to reptiles, and indeed all native wildlife, include: There are many ways you can help our reptiles. The Indian cobra is greatly respected and feared, and even has its own place in Hindu mythology as a powerful deity. Spectacled Hooded Snake: Suta (was Parasuta) spectabilis: NSW, Qld, SA, Vic, WA *Dwyer's Snake (Status uncertain) Suta (was Parasuta) dwyeri Adults on the other hand are typically uniformly black in colour on top (melanistic), while the underside, outside the throat region, is usually light. Vishnu is usually portrayed as reclining on the coiled body of Adishesha, the Preeminent Serpent, a giant snake deity with multiple cobra heads. The Balkan region is where one can still find the wildest and most beautiful rivers of Europe. [4] Also, the monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) may be confused with Naja naja; however, the monocled cobra has an "O"-shaped pattern on the back of the hood, while the Indian cobra has a spectacles-shaped pattern on its hood. The hatchlings are independent from birth and have fully functional venom glands. Spectacled Hooded Snake. It can be found in dense or open forests, plains, agricultural lands (rice paddy fields, wheat crops), rocky terrain, wetlands, and it can even be found in heavily populated urban areas, such as villages and city outskirts, ranging from sea level to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) in altitude. C2693. These included families like three-finger toxins (3FTxs), snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP), cysteine-rich secretory venom proteins and other toxins including natriuretic peptide, C-type lectin, snake venom serine proteinase (SVSP), Kunitz and venom complement-activating gene families, group I phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and one cobra venom factor (CVF) gene. Parasuta spectabilis (spectacled hooded snake) SubFamily: Paroplocephalus . Monk Snake or Hooded Snake: Suta (was Parasuta) monachus: NSW, NT, SA, WA: Mallee Black-backed Snake or Mitchell's Short Tailed Snake (Status uncertain) Suta (was Parasuta) nigriceps (Status uncertain) WA, SA? Besides, chromosomes 5 and 6 of the Indian cobra are syntenic to rattlesnake chromosome 4, indicating a possible fusion event between these chromosomes. Rudyard Kipling's short story "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" features a pair of Indian cobras named Nag and Nagaina, the Hindi words for male and female snake, respectively. Parasuta: 'next-to Suta', after a similar snake genus spectabilis: 'spectacled'1. Parasuta flagellum (whip hooded snake) Parasuta gouldii Parasuta monachus (monk snake) ... Parasuta spectabilis (spectacled hooded snake) Disclaimer: The NCBI taxonomy database is not an authoritative source for nomenclature or classification - please consult the relevant scientific literature for the most reliable information. In Bangladesh it's responsible for most of the snake bite cases. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. [27], These 19 venom specific toxins (VSTs) encode the core effector toxin proteins and include 9 three-finger toxins (out of which six are neurotoxins, one cytotoxin, one cardiotoxin and one muscarinic toxin), six snake venom metalloproteinases, one nerve growth factor, two venom Kunitz serine proteases and a cysteine-rich secretory venom protein. The most common visible pattern is a posteriorly convex light band at the level of the 20th to 25th ventrals. Namen: Spectacled Hooded Snake, Bush’s Hooded Snake. These major toxin gene families in the Indian cobra are mostly found in the snake's macro-chromosomes, which differs from Crotalus virides (rattlesnake) that presents them in its micro-chromosomes, and is indicative of the differences in their venom evolution. Parasuta gouldii (Gray, 1841) – Black-headed Snake, Gould's Hooded Snake : Species: Parasuta monachus (Storr, 1964) – Monk Snake, Hooded Snake : Species: Parasuta nigriceps (Günther, 1863) – Mallee Black-backed Snake : Species: Parasuta spectabilis (Krefft, 1869) – Spectacled Hooded Snake, Bush's Hooded Snake When the hood mark is present, are two circular ocelli patterns connected by a curved line, evoking the image of spectacles. [14], The Indian cobra inhabits a wide range of habitats throughout its geographical range.